Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points)
英文原文与参考译文
There has been some exploration around the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in digital marketing. For example, AI can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy would be appropriate to "speak" to a specific target customer group by revealing information about trends and preferences through the analysis of big data. At the same time AI can also be used to generate content for social media posts and chat sites.
The main disadvantage of using AI to respond to customers is that there are concerns about trusting personal interactions to machines, which could lead not only to the subsequent loss of interpersonal connections, but also to a decrease in marketing personnel. By allowing AI to develop content some brand marketers may find that they are losing control over the brand narrative.
(46)AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favourite celebrities, and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media. (47)Some believe that AI is negatively impacting on the marketer's role by reducing creativity and removing jobs, but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information. (48)Algorithms used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns, especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.
For AI to be successful, data needs to be accessible, but the use of personal data is becoming more regulated and the automated sharing of data is becoming more difficult. Therefore, unless customers are prepared to sign release agreements, the use of AI may become somewhat restricted in the future. Not only can AI help to create the marketing content, but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers. Data can be gathered on where the customer can be engaged, such as location, devices used, website interactions, and sites visited, to display marketing messages in appropriate forms, including emails, social media posts, pop-up advertisements, and banners at an appropriate frequency.
(49)If customers are not willing to share data, AI will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.
(50)The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of target customers is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.
划线句与参考译文
(46) AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favourite celebrities, and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.
采分点解析:【意群】AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers(主干(被动)+ 不定式宾语)
★采分→人工智能还能被用来识别客户的生活方式选择
难点:被动 be used to 转主动
AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers 是 be used to do 被动结
构,直译「AI 被用来…」有翻译腔,汉化时转成主动「AI 还可以用来…/还能用来…」更自然。
lifestyle choices 直译「生活方式选择」即可,指客户在生活方式上的偏好。
regarding their hobbies, favourite celebrities, and fashions(介词短语作定语(regarding=关
于))★采分→关于他们的爱好、喜爱的名人和时尚
难点:regarding 译「在…方面」
regarding 是介词,意为「关于、就…而言」,这里 regarding their hobbies, favourite
celebrities, and fashions 修饰前面的 lifestyle choices,说明在哪些方面的选择。汉化为「在
爱好、喜爱的名人和时尚(潮流)等方面」,提到所修饰的名词前更顺。celebrities 译「名
人」,fashions 此处指时尚潮流。
to provide unique content in marketing messages(不定式作目的状语)★采分→以便在营销信
息中提供独特的内容
难点:目的状语 to provide
这个 to provide 是「识别客户偏好」的目的,译「从而/以便提供…」。content 按全文统一译
「内容」,unique 译「独特的」,marketing messages 译「营销信息」。
put out through social media.(过去分词短语作后置定语(修饰 marketing messages))★采分→
通过社交媒体发布的
难点:put out 熟词僻义+后置定语
put out 在此不是「熄灭、生气」,而是「发布、推出」之义,是熟词僻义;它以过去分词 put
(put 三态同形)作后置定语修饰 marketing messages,即「(通过社交媒体)发布出去的营
销信息」。汉化时把这个后置定语前移到 marketing messages 之前:「通过社交媒体发布的
营销信息」。
【调序】后置定语前移
本句需调序两处:1 regarding their hobbies, favourite celebrities, and fashions 是修饰
lifestyle choices 的定语,按汉语习惯提到「选择」前,译成「在爱好、喜爱的名人和时尚等方面
的生活方式选择」。2 put out through social media 是修饰 marketing messages 的后置定
语,提到「营销信息」前,译成「通过社交媒体发布的营销信息」。其余按原序铺开即可。
(47) Some believe that AI is negatively impacting on the marketer's role by reducing creativity and removing jobs, but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.
采分点解析:【意群】Some believe that AI is negatively impacting on the marketer's role(主句 + that 宾语从句)★
采分→一些人认为人工智能正在对营销人员的角色产生负面影响
难点:impact on 译「对…产生影响」
impact on 是「对…产生影响、冲击」,negatively impacting on 即「产生负面影响」。
Some 在句首指「一些人/有些人」。marketer 指「营销人员/营销者」,role 指「角色、
作用」。
by reducing creativity and removing jobs,(by + 动名词,方式状语)★采分→通过减少创造力
和削减工作岗位
难点:by doing 译「(通过)使…」
by reducing… and removing… 说明 AI 是「怎样」产生负面影响的,是方式状语。汉化时可不
必死译「通过」,译成「(即)削弱创造力、减少(删减)工作岗位」并入上句更顺。
removing jobs 指「裁撤岗位、减少工作机会」。
but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.(but 引导的
转折分句 + that 宾语从句)★采分→但他们意识到它是一种降低成本和创造新信息的方式
难点:they 与 it 的指代还原
they 回指句首的 Some(那些人),译「他们」即可;it 指代前文的 AI,可译「它」或回填
「人工智能」。are aware that 译「意识到、清楚」。a way of doing 译「一种…的方式/途
径」。这一分句与前面 but 转折,构成「虽认为有害,但也清楚有利」的对照。
【调序】保留 but 转折对照
本句基本可按原序译,关键是保住 but 的转折:前半 AI is negatively impacting on the
marketer's role by reducing creativity and removing jobs 译「AI 削弱创造力、减少岗位,对
营销人员的作用造成负面影响」,后半 but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs
and creating new information 用「但」字转出「但他们也清楚……」。by reducing… 的方式状
语可顺势并入前半句,不必生硬译「通过」。
(48) Algorithms used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns, especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.
采分点解析:【意群】Algorithms used to simulate human interactions(主语 + used to do 过去分词后置定语)★采分
→用来模拟人际互动的算法
难点:used to 此处是「被用来」非「过去常常」
陷阱点:used to 在此不是「过去常常做某事」,而是过去分词短语 used to simulate…(被用
来模拟…)作后置定语修饰 Algorithms。判断依据:句子主干谓语是后面的 are creating,所以
这里的 used 不是谓语,只能是定语。译「用来模拟人际互动的算法」,把定语前移。simulate
human interactions 指「模拟人与人之间的互动」。
are creating many of these concerns,(主干谓语 + 宾语)★采分→正在引发许多这样的担忧
难点:these concerns 回指上文担忧
these concerns 是跨句指代,须回第 2 段上文还原:指前文 there are concerns about
trusting personal interactions to machines 及由此带来的人际连接流失、营销人员减少、品
牌叙事失控等顾虑。翻译时译「这些(这样的)担忧/顾虑」即可,无须展开,但理解上要知道
它承接上文。are creating 译「正在引发/造成」,比直译「创造」更贴 concerns。
especially as no-one is quite sure(as 引导原因状语从句(especially 强调))★采分→尤其是因为
没有人十分确定
难点:as 译「因为」
as 在此是从属连词,表原因,译「因为、由于」,不是「作为/当」。especially as 译「尤其
是因为」。no-one is quite sure 译「没有人十分确定/说得准」,quite 修饰 sure,是「相
当、十分」。
what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.(what 引导的宾语从句(作
sure 的宾语))★采分→使用人工智能与客户互动的结果将会是什么
难点:what…will be 表语从句倒装还原
这是 sure 后接的宾语从句,正常语序是 the outcomes of using AI… will be what。理解时把
what 还原到 will be 后:「使用 AI 与客户互动的结果会是什么」。outcomes 译「结果、后
果」,of using AI to interact with customers 是修饰 outcomes 的定语,译「使用 AI 与客户
互动(所产生)的结果」。
【调序】定语前移+从句顺承
调序两处:1 used to simulate human interactions 是修饰 Algorithms 的后置定语,前移译
「用来模拟人际互动的算法」。2 原因从句 especially as no-one is quite sure what the
outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be 整体接在主句之后,按汉语「……,尤
其是因为……」顺承;其内部的 what…will be 还原为「结果会是什么」。
(49) If customers are not willing to share data, AI will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.
采分点解析:【意群】If customers are not willing to share data,(if 引导的条件状语从句)★采分→如果客户不愿意分
享数据
难点:if 条件从句前置
if 引导条件状语从句,译「如果/一旦」。be willing to do 译「愿意做」,not willing 即「不
愿意」。share data 译「分享/共享数据」。汉语习惯把条件放句首,正好与原文同序,直接译
即可。
AI will be starved of essential information(主句一(被动))★采分→人工智能将被剥夺必要
的信息
难点:be starved of 熟词僻义
starve 本义「挨饿」,be starved of sth 是固定搭配,意为「极度缺乏、被剥夺(某物)」
——这是熟词僻义陷阱,不能译「AI 会饿」。结合语境(缺数据则缺信息)译「AI 将缺乏/得
不到必要的信息」。essential 译「必不可少的、必要的」。
and will not be able to function effectively(主句二(and 并列))★采分→并且将无法有效
运作
难点:function 作动词「运作」
function 此处是动词「运转、发挥作用」,不是名词「功能」——又一处熟词僻义。be able to
function effectively 译「能有效运作/正常发挥作用」,前加 not 即「无法有效运作」。
or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.(or 并列谓
语 + 不定式目的状语)★采分→或运用机器学习来改进它的营销内容和沟通
难点:employ 译「运用」+ or 受前 not 统辖
employ 在此不是「雇佣(人)」,而是「运用、采用(方法)」,宾语是 machine learning
(机器学习)。这个 or 与前面 will not be able to 共享否定,即「也无法运用机器学
习……」。to improve 是目的状语,its 指代 AI,improve its marketing content and
communication 译「改进其营销内容与沟通」。
【调序】被动转无主/主动
需调序处:AI will be starved of essential information 是被动,直译「AI 被剥夺信息」生硬,
转成「AI 将缺乏/得不到必要的信息」更自然。条件从句 If customers are not willing to share
data 与汉语同序居首,无需调。and / or 引导的并列结果按原序铺开,or 前补「也」字承接
否定。
(50) The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of target customers is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.
采分点解析:【意群】The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages(主语核心(抽象名词 delivery))★采分
→营销信息的非侵扰式投放
难点:抽象名词 delivery 具体化为动作
delivery 是抽象名词(动词 deliver 的名词化),直译「投递、传送」偏硬,可具体化为动作
「投放、传递、推送」。non-intrusive 译「非侵扰式的、不打扰(用户)的」,呼应前文 a
non-intrusive way of delivering the content。整块译「以非侵扰的方式投放营销信息」,把
名词 delivery 还原成动作「投放」,读来更顺。
in a way that is sensitive to the needs of target customers(方式状语 + that 定语从句(修饰
way))★采分→以一种顾及目标客户需求的方式
难点:be sensitive to 译「顾及/敏感于」
that is sensitive to… 是修饰 way 的定语从句。be sensitive to sth 不是「对…敏感(生
理)」,在此指「体察、顾及、关照(某需求)」。in a way that is sensitive to the needs of
target customers 译「以一种顾及/关照目标客户需求的方式」。target customers 译「目标
客户」。
is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.(主干谓语 + 表语)★采分→是数字营销
人员面临的关键挑战之一
难点:one of the…challenges 译「……之一」
句子真正的谓语是这个 is(前面一长串都是主语)。one of the critical challenges 译「关键挑
战之一」,critical 译「关键的、至关重要的」。challenges to the digital marketer 中 to 表
「对……而言」,译「数字营销人员面临的挑战」。
【调序】长主语拆开+定语前移
需调序:1 超长主语 The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is
sensitive to the needs of target customers 整体作主语,硬译成一个名词词组太累赘,可把名词
delivery 动词化、拆成小句「以非侵扰且顾及目标客户需求的方式投放营销信息」。2 that is
sensitive to the needs of target customers 是修饰 way 的定语从句,前移并入「方式」译成
「顾及……需求的方式」。
说明
逐句解析 句前 (N) 即考卷划线句题号,与卷面下划线句一一对应——满分 10 分、每句约 2 分,阅卷把每句切成意群按采 分点给分(★ 为采分点意群)。 【来源】节选自 Marketing:A Very Short Introduction《市场营销极简人门》一书的第八章 The Changing Nature of Marketing(市场营销的变化内涵)。 【主旨】AI 用于数字营销的利与弊 全文围绕人工智能在数字营销中的应用展开,开篇即点题 There has been some exploration around the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in digital marketing.,随后利弊并陈:AI 能分析 大数据、识别客户偏好、生成营销内容(第 1 段),但也引发对信任机器、人际连接流失、岗位与 创造力减少、品牌叙事失控的担忧(第 2 段),并受制于个人数据可得性(第 3 段)。作者态度中 立客观、不褒不贬,这一基调决定了划线句里 negatively、concerns、challenges 等词要如实译 出其分寸,不可加码。