Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points)
英文原文与参考译文
Between 1807 and 1814 the Iberian Peninsula (comprising Spain and Portugal) was the scene of a titanic and merciless struggle. It took place on many different planes: between Napoleon's French army and the angry inhabitants; between the British, ever keen to exacerbate the emperor's difficulties, and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check; between new forces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth.
I first discovered the Napoleonic cryptographic battle a few years ago when I was reading Sir Charles Oman's epic History of the Peninsular War. In volume V he had attached an appendix, The Scovell Ciphers. Oman rated Scovell's significance highly, but at the same time, the general nature of his History meant that I was keen to read more, but was surprised to find that Oman's appendix, published in 1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.
(46)It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them. (47)It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters. (48)he could not analyze carefully what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself.
I became convinced that this story was every bit as exciting and significant as that of Enigma and the breaking of German codes in the Second World War. The question was, could it be told?
Studying Scovell's papers at the Public Record Office, London, I found that he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the peninsula. What was more, many original French dispatches had been preserved in this collection, which I realized was priceless.
As I researched Scovell's story I found far more of interest besides his intelligence work. His status in Lord Wellington's headquarters and the recognition given to him for his work were all bound up with the class politics of the army at the time. His tale of self-improvement and hard work would make a fascinating biography in its own right, but represents something more than that.
(49)There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked on.
(50)Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.
划线句与参考译文
(46) It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.
采分点解析：【意群】It was also,（主干主谓(系表，宾语被插入语隔开)）★采分→它(这场较量)也是
难点：It 回指还原 + also 承接上文
It 不要译成空泛的「它」。回到本段 the Iberian Peninsula ... was the scene of a titanic and
merciless struggle，It 指「这场较量/这场斗争」；also 承接前文连续几组 between... 并列，
意为「(这场较量)同样还是一场……」。
and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period,（插入语(and 引导的补充说
明)）★采分→——而这一点甚至连许多熟读这段历史的人也并不知晓——
难点：well read 熟词僻义 + 插入语要归位
well read 不是「读得好」，而是固定搭配「博览群书的、熟知某领域的」，well read about
the period = 熟知这段历史的(人)。这一整段被两个逗号夹在主干中间，是插入语，翻译时要把
它从主干里拎出来、单独处理(用破折号或单独成句)，不能顺着英文语序硬塞进主谓之间。
a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.（表语(a battle + 两个 who
定语从句)）★采分→一场编制密码的人与破译密码的人之间的较量
难点：those who... 译「……的人」+ them 指代 codes
those who made codes/those who broke them 是两个 who 定语从句，译法固定为「编制密
码的(那些)人」「破译密码的(那些)人」。末尾 them 回指 codes，broke them = 破译密码；结
合 those who made codes and those who broke them 全篇术语统一作「密码」。
【调序】插入语提前或单独成句，定语从句「……的人」前置
本句两处需调序：1 插入语 and this is unknown even to many people well read about the
period 在英文里夹在主干中，汉语习惯把它提到句首或用破折号单独安放，使主干「这也是……一
场较量」连贯；2 两个 who 定语从句较短，按汉语「定语 + 中心词」译成「编制密码的人」「破
译密码的人」，放在「之间」前。
(47) It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters.
采分点解析：【意群】It listed many documents in code（主干主谓宾(in code 作 documents 的后置定语)）★采分→它
(这部附录)列出了许多用密码写成的文件
难点：It 回指附录 + in code 译「用密码写的」
It 回指上一句的 an appendix, The Scovell Ciphers，即《斯科维尔密码》那部附录。
documents in code 不是「密码里的文件」，in code 是后置定语「以密码形式的、用密码写成
的」，整体译「用密码写成的文件/密码文件」。
that had been captured from the French army of Spain,（that 定语从句(修饰 documents，被动语
态)）★采分→这些文件是从西班牙的法国军队那里缴获的
难点：被动 had been captured 转主动/无主句 + the French army of Spain
had been captured 是被动，汉语少用「被」，可转译为「(这些文件是)从……缴获来的」。the
French army of Spain 指「驻西班牙的法军/在西班牙作战的法军」，对应 the French army of
Spain，不是「西班牙的法国军队」这种生硬直译。
and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell,（whose 定语从句(并
列第二个定语，修饰 documents，被动)）★采分→而这些文件的秘密是由一位名叫乔治·斯科维
尔的人的工作揭开的
难点：whose=these documents' + 被动转主动 + one 表「一位」
whose 指 documents 的所属，whose secrets = 这些(密码)文件的秘密。had been revealed
by 被动转主动：把 by 后的施事 the work of one George Scovell 提为主语——「乔治·斯科维
尔的工作揭开了这些文件的秘密」。one George Scovell 中 one 不是数字「一个」，而是引出
人名的「某位、一位名叫……的」。
an officer in British headquarters.（同位语(说明 George Scovell 身份)）→他是英军总部的一名
军官
难点：同位语补出「他是」
这是 George Scovell 的同位语，汉译时补一个「他是」或「即」，译成「(他是)英军总部的一
名军官」，让句子顺。
【调序】两个定语从句较长，不前置，拆成并列的两个分句后置
that 与 whose 两个从句都较长，若硬塞成「……的文件」前置定语会臃肿。汉语习惯把长定语从
句拆成并列分句后置：主干「列出了许多密码文件」后，用「这些文件是从……缴获的，其秘密则
由……揭开」两个分句承接，末尾同位语再补「他是英军总部的一名军官」。
(48) he could not analyze carefully what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself.
采分点解析：【意群】he could not analyze carefully（主干主谓(情态动词否定)）★采分→他(Oman)无法仔细分析
难点：he 回指 Oman + could not 否定管到句末
he 指上文的史学家 Oman(见 Oman rated Scovell's significance highly)，不是 Scovell。
could not 的否定一直管到后面的 or ... tell us 这个并列项，即「既不能分析……，也无法告诉
我们……」。
what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between
nations（what 引导的宾语从句(作 analyze 的宾语)）★采分→这位不知名的军官对那场国家间的
大较量到底贡献了什么、或没有贡献什么
难点：this obscure officer 指 Scovell + may or may not 译「是否/有没有」
this obscure officer(这位默默无闻/不知名的军官)指 Scovell。may or may not have
contributed 是「可能贡献过、也可能没贡献过」，汉语顺译为「到底有没有(做出)贡献/贡献了
什么或没贡献什么」。that great struggle between nations 回指 a titanic and merciless
struggle，即那场国家/民族之间的大较量。
or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself.（并列谓语(与 analyze 并列，共用 could
not)）★采分→或者说，也无法告诉我们关于这个人本身的任何多少情况
难点：or 并列受 could not 统辖 + anything much 译「多少」
or indeed tell us 与前面 analyze 并列，同受 could not 否定，意为「甚至也无法告诉我
们……」。否定 + anything much 表「几乎说不出什么、谈不上多少」。the man himself =
这个人本身/此人其人，指 Scovell。
【调序】what 宾语从句顺译，or 并列项补「也(无法)」承接否定
what 引导的宾语从句较长，按汉语习惯顺着译在 analyze 后即可(「无法仔细分析……这位军官到
底贡献了什么」)；or 并列项需补出「(也)无法/甚至也说不出」，把前面 could not 的否定语气延
续过去，使「既不能……也不能……」的并列关系在汉语里显化。
(49) There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked on.
采分点解析：【意群】There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars,（前一
分句(there be 句型 + 时间状语)）★采分→在拿破仑战争期间，可能曾有过许多间谍和情报军官
难点：may have been 表对过去的推测「可能曾经有过」
may have been 是「情态动词 + have done」，表示对过去的推测，译「可能(曾经)有过」，
不能丢掉这层不确定语气。intelligence officers = 情报军官/情报人员，intelligence 此处取
「情报」义，不是「智力」。
but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material（后一分句主干(it 形式主语，真主语为 to
find...)）★采分→但通常极难找到这些材料
难点：it 是形式主语，真主语是后面的 to find...
it is difficult to find... 中 it 不指代任何具体事物，是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式 to find
the material。译时直接译「(要)找到……是极其困难的」或「通常极难找到……」，绝不能把 it
译成「它」。
they actually provided or worked on.（定语从句(省略 that，修饰 the material)）★采分→他们实
际提供过或经手过的(材料)
难点：省略关系词的定语从句 + they 回指 spies and intelligence officers
the material 后省略了 that/which，they actually provided or worked on 是定语从句修饰
the material。they 回指前一分句的 many spies and intelligence officers。worked on 是
「从事、经手、处理」，与 provided「提供」并列，译「他们实际提供或经手过的材料」。
【调序】形式主语句调成「找到……是极难的」，定语从句前置译「……的材料」
本句两处调序：1 it is difficult to find the material 按汉语调成「找到……材料(是)极难的」或
「极难找到……材料」，把真主语 to find 提到前面；2 定语从句 they actually provided or
worked on 较短，前移译成「他们实际提供或经手过的」放在「材料」之前。
(50) Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.
采分点解析：【意群】Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain,（Just as 引导的方式/
类比状语从句）★采分→正如密码破译在争夺西班牙的斗争中有其更广泛的意义
难点：Just as... so... 类比结构 + wider relevance 译「更广泛的意义」
Just as A, so B 是固定的类比结构，译「正如A……，B也(同样)……」。the code breaking 承接
全篇主题，译「密码破译」(与 46/47 术语一致)。wider relevance 不是「更宽的关联」，
relevance 此处取「意义、关联性、重要性」，wider relevance = 更广泛的意义/更深远的关
联。the struggle for Spain = 争夺西班牙的斗争/那场争夺西班牙的较量。
so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder（主句主语(so 呼应 Just as，his
attempts 为主语，to 不定式作定语)）★采分→他努力沿着晋升的阶梯往上爬的种种尝试
难点：make his way up the promotion ladder 比喻义「设法晋升/往上爬」
make one's way up the promotion ladder 是比喻：the promotion ladder「晋升的阶梯/官
阶」，make his way up 是「努力往上爬/谋求晋升」。整体 his attempts to... = 他谋求晋升/
力争上位的种种努力。his 指上文的 Scovell。
speak volumes about British society.（主句谓语(主句谓语动词 + 宾语)）★采分→极能说明英国社
会的状况
难点：speak volumes 习语「很说明问题/意味深长」
speak volumes 是固定习语，字面「说了好几大卷」，实义「(无须多言就)很能说明问题、极具
说明意义」。speak volumes about British society = 很能说明/充分反映当时英国社会的状
况。绝不能直译成「讲了关于英国社会的好多卷书」。
【调序】Just as 从句保持在前，so 主句补「也同样」呼应
Just as A, so B 的语序与汉语「正如A，B也……」基本一致，前置从句不必大动；关键是主句开头
的 so 要译成「(那么)……也同样/也」，与前面「正如」呼应，并把长主语 his attempts... 整体译
完再接谓语「很能说明……」，避免主谓被切断。
说明
逐句解析 句前 (N) 即考卷划线句题号，与卷面下划线句一一对应——满分 10 分、每句约 2 分，阅卷把每句切成意群按采 分点给分（★ 为采分点意群）。 【来源】The Man Who Broke Napoleon’s Codes《拿破仑密码破解者》一书的前言部分。 【主旨】作者回顾自己发现并研究拿破仑战争中一场鲜为人知的「密码战」 全文是一篇带回忆色彩的学术随笔。作者讲半岛战争(1807-1814)期间，除了正面厮杀，还存在 a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them——编码者与破译者之间 的较量；他偶然读到 Oman 的附录，发现了破译军官 George Scovell 的事迹，进而立志把这段被 埋没的「密码战」写出来。基调是 I became convinced that this story was every bit as exciting and significant as that of Enigma，即作者对这段历史评价极高、充满研究热情。把握 住「这是一段被忽视的密码破译史」这个底座，逐句翻译时术语取义(code/cipher/intelligence)与 人物身份才不会跑偏。