31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as
- A. a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth.
- B. a handsome reward for researchers.
- C. a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.
- D. an example of bankers’ investments.
答案：B
答案句：The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. … As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.
参考译文：300万美元的基础物理学奖确实是一个有趣的实验，正如亚历山大·波利亚科夫在3月份接受今年的奖项时所说。……正如《自然》杂志的一篇新闻专题文章所讨论的，近年来一系列丰厚的科研奖项加入了诺贝尔奖的行列。
定位线索：题干“The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as”→答案句取自第1段“The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment”；文中“lucrative awards for researchers”对应选项B“a handsome reward for researchers”。
解析：题干问基础物理学奖被视为什么，答案句直接指出该奖是“lucrative awards for researchers”（对研究者而言是丰厚的奖励），与选项B“a handsome reward for researchers”构成同义转述。选项A“企业家财富的象征”无中生有，文中虽提到奖金来自企业家，但未说该奖是财富的象征；选项C“诺贝尔奖的可能替代品”偷换概念，文中说“joined the Nobel Prizes”而非替代；选项D“银行家的投资”错误，文中说的是“Internet entrepreneurs”而非银行家。
32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit
- A. the profit-oriented scientists.
- B. the achievement-based system.
- C. the founders of the new awards.
- D. peer-review-led research.
答案：C
答案句：The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists.
参考译文：科学家们说，这些新奖项是背后之人自我推销的一种手段。
定位线索：题干“The critics think that the new awards will most benefit”→答案句取自第2段“The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them”；文中“those behind them”对应选项C“the founders of the new awards”。
解析：题干问批评者认为新奖项最有利于谁，答案句明确指出新奖项是“self-promotion for those behind them”（背后之人的自我推销），即奖项的设立者从中获益最大，对应选项C“the founders of the new awards”。选项A“以利润为导向的科学家”无中生有；选项B“基于成就的体系”和选项D“同行评审主导的研究”是批评者认为新奖项可能扭曲或巩固的对象，而非受益者，属于答非所问。
33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves
- A. legitimate concerns over the new prizes.
- B. controversies over the recipients’ status.
- C. the joint effort of modern researchers.
- D. the demonstration of research findings.
答案：C
答案句：But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research – as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.
参考译文：但诺贝尔基金会每项奖限三人、且必须仍在世的规定，早已被现代研究的合作性质所超越——这将在承认希格斯玻色子发现时，因谁被忽略而不可避免的争论中得到证明。
定位线索：题干“The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves”→答案句取自第4段“as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson”；文中“the collaborative nature of modern research”对应选项C“the joint effort of modern researchers”。
解析：题干问希格斯玻色子的发现是涉及什么的典型案例，答案句明确指出该发现将证明“the collaborative nature of modern research”（现代研究的合作性质），即现代研究需要多人合作，对应选项C“the joint effort of modern researchers”。例子本身（希格斯玻色子的发现）不是答案依据，其前面的观点句“the collaborative nature of modern research”才是关键。选项A“对新奖项的合理担忧”范围扩大，文中讨论的是诺贝尔奖的局限；选项B“对获奖者地位的争议”偷换概念，文中是“谁被忽略”的争论而非地位；选项D“研究发现的展示”答非所问。
34. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?
- A. History has never cast doubt on them.
- B. Their endurance has done justice to them.
- C. They are the most representative honor.
- D. Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.
答案：B
答案句：The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.
参考译文：当然，诺贝尔奖本身也是由一个非常富有的人设立的，他决定用自己的钱做什么。是时间，而非意图，赋予了它们合法性。
定位线索：题干“According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?”→答案句取自第4段“Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy”；文中“Time...has given them legitimacy”对应选项B“Their endurance has done justice to them”。
解析：题干问关于诺贝尔奖哪项说法正确，答案句指出“Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy”（是时间而非意图赋予了它们合法性），即时间的检验证明了它们的价值，对应选项B“Their endurance has done justice to them”（它们的持久性证明了其价值）。选项A“历史从未质疑过它们”程度过重，文中未说从未被质疑；选项C“它们是最具代表性的荣誉”无中生有；选项D“它们的合法性一直存在争议”与原文相反，原文说时间赋予了合法性。
35. The author believes that the new awards are
- A. unworthy of public attention.
- B. subject to undesirable changes.
- C. harmful to the culture of research.
- D. acceptable despite the criticism.
答案：D
答案句：As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. … It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism– that is the culture of research, after all – but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.
参考译文：尽管一些科学家可能抱怨新奖项，但有两件事似乎很清楚。首先，大多数研究人员如果被授予这样的奖项，他们会接受。……批评和质疑这一机制是公平的——毕竟这是研究的文化——但这是颁奖者的钱，他们可以随心所欲地使用。明智的做法是带着感激和优雅接受这样的礼物。
定位线索：题干“The author believes that the new awards are”→答案句取自第5段“It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace”；文中“wise to take such gifts”对应选项D“acceptable despite the criticism”。
解析：题干问作者对新奖项的态度，答案句指出尽管可以批评，但“It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace”（明智的做法是带着感激和优雅接受），表明作者认为新奖项是可以接受的，对应选项D“acceptable despite the criticism”。选项A“不值得公众关注”与原文“it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science”矛盾；选项B“易受不良变化影响”无中生有；选项C“对研究文化有害”与原文“that is the culture of research”不符，作者认为批评是文化的一部分，而非奖项有害。