31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that
- A. Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.
- B. journals are strengthening their statistical checks.
- C. few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.
- D. lack of data analysis is common in research projects.
答案：B
答案句：The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.
参考译文：《科学》杂志主编马西娅·麦克纳特今天宣布，该杂志将在其同行评审过程中增加一轮额外的统计检查。这一政策效仿了其他期刊的类似举措，此前人们普遍担心数据分析中的基本错误导致许多已发表的研究成果无法重现。
定位线索：题干“It can be learned from Paragraph 1”定位到第1段；文中“adding an extra round of statistical checks”对应选项B“strengthening their statistical checks”；文中“similar efforts from other journals”对应选项B“journals”。
解析：题干问从第一段能得知什么，答案句直接说明《科学》杂志增加统计检查，且其他期刊也有类似努力，与选项B“期刊正在加强统计检查”同义转述。选项A“简化同行评审”与原文“增加”矛盾；选项C“很少期刊因数据分析错误受指责”与“广泛担忧”相反；选项D“缺乏数据分析在研究中普遍”偷换概念，原文是“数据分析中的错误”。
32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to
- A. found.
- B. revised.
- C. marked.
- D. stored.
答案：C
答案句：Manuscripts will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.
参考译文：稿件将被杂志内部编辑、现有评审编辑委员会或外部同行评审员标记出来，以进行额外审查。随后，SBoRE小组将寻找外部统计学家来审查这些稿件。
定位线索：题干“flagged up”定位到第2段；文中“flagged up”与“additional scrutiny”及后文“find external statisticians to review”呼应，对应选项C“marked”（标记）；选项A“found”是干扰，但“flagged up”强调标记而非发现。
解析：词义题需结合上下文，“flagged up”所在句说明稿件被标记以进行额外审查，后文提到SBoRE小组找外部统计学家审查，可见“flagged up”意为“标记”，对应选项C“marked”。选项A“found”仅表发现，未体现标记动作；选项B“revised”和D“stored”均与语境无关。
33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may
- A. pose a threat to all its peers.
- B. meet with strong opposition.
- C. increase Science’s circulation.
- D. set an example for other journals.
答案：D
答案句：He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”
参考译文：他同意加入，因为他“发现SBoRE成立背后的远见是新颖、独特且可能产生持久影响的。这种影响不仅会通过《科学》杂志本身的出版物体现，还有望通过更多可能效仿《科学》做法的出版机构来体现。”
定位线索：题干“Giovanni Parmigiani believes”定位到第4段；文中“model their approach after Science”对应选项D“set an example for other journals”；文中“larger group of publishing places”对应选项D“other journals”。
解析：题干问Parmigiani对SBoRE成立的看法，答案句明确说其他出版机构可能“效仿《科学》的做法”，即树立榜样，对应选项D。选项A“威胁所有同行”无中生有；选项B“遭遇强烈反对”与原文“welcome”态度相反；选项C“增加发行量”文中未提及。
34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now
- A. adds to researchers’ workload.
- B. diminishes the role of reviewers.
- C. has room for further improvement.
- D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.
答案：C
答案句：Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.
参考译文：沃克斯表示，《科学》杂志将一些论文交给统计学家的想法“有一些优点，但缺点是它首先依赖于评审编辑委员会来识别‘需要审查的论文’”。
定位线索：题干“David Vaux holds”定位到第6段；文中“has some merit, but a weakness”对应选项C“has room for further improvement”；文中“weakness”对应选项C“room for further improvement”。
解析：题干问Vaux对《科学》当前做法的看法，答案句指出其“有优点但有缺点”，即仍有改进空间，对应选项C。选项A“增加研究人员工作量”无中生有；选项B“削弱评审员作用”与原文“依赖评审编辑”矛盾；选项D“在可预见的未来失败”程度过重，原文仅提缺点。
35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?
- A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers
- B. Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect
- C. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks
- D. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science
答案：A
答案句：The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings. … Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). … Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.
参考译文：《科学》杂志主编马西娅·麦克纳特今天宣布，该杂志将在其同行评审过程中增加一轮额外的统计检查。这一政策效仿了其他期刊的类似举措，此前人们普遍担心数据分析中的基本错误导致许多已发表的研究成果无法重现。… 该杂志与美国统计协会合作，任命了七位专家组成统计评审编辑委员会（SBoRE）。… 沃克斯表示，《科学》杂志将一些论文交给统计学家的想法“有一些优点，但缺点是它首先依赖于评审编辑委员会来识别‘需要审查的论文’”。
定位线索：题干“best title”需概括全文；首段“adding an extra round of statistical checks”对应选项A“Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers”；文中“Science”和“statistical checks”贯穿全文，对应选项A。
解析：主旨题需综合各段，首段提出《科学》增加统计检查，第二段详述SBoRE成立，后续段落讨论专家评价，全文围绕《科学》加入统计筛查，对应选项A。选项B“统计学家应受更多尊重”偏离主题；选项C“数据分析进入编辑桌面”范围过窄；选项D“统计学家与科学回归”表述模糊，未体现“筛查”核心。