26. According to the first two paragraphs, the NHS ____
- A. is troubled by funding deficiencies.
- B. can hardly satisfy people’s needs.
- C. can barely retain its current employees.
- D. is rivalled by private medical services.
答案：B
答案句：When it was established, the National Health Service (NHS) was visionary: offering high- quality, timely care to meet the dominant needs of the population it served. Nearly 75 years on, with the UK facing very different health challenges, it is clear that the model is out of date. … With more than 6.8 million on waitlists, healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessible for those who cannot opt to pay for private treatment; and the cost of providing healthcare is increasingly squeezing our investment in other public services.
参考译文：当国家医疗服务体系（NHS）成立时，它是富有远见的：提供高质量、及时的护理，以满足其所服务人口的主要需求。近75年过去了，随着英国面临截然不同的健康挑战，很明显这一模式已经过时。……超过680万人排在候诊名单上，对于那些无法选择支付私人治疗费用的人来说，医疗保健变得越来越难以获得；而且提供医疗保健的成本正日益挤压我们对其他公共服务的投资。
定位线索：题干“According to the first two paragraphs”定位到前两段；文中“the model is out of date”和“healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessible”对应选项B“can hardly satisfy people's needs”（难以满足人们的需求）；文中“inaccessible”对应“hardly satisfy”。
解析：题干要求根据前两段判断NHS的现状。答案句指出NHS模式“out of date”，且候诊名单超680万，医疗“increasingly inaccessible”，这些直接说明NHS难以满足人们需求，对应B。A“资金短缺”文中提到成本挤压投资，但未说资金短缺，属偷换概念；C“留不住员工”文中只提劳动力压力，未说留不住；D“被私人医疗竞争”文中只提私人治疗选项，未说竞争关系，均无中生有。
27. One answer to the crisis in health and care is to ____
- A. boost the efficiency of hospitals.
- B. lighten the burden on social care.
- C. increase resources for primary care.
- D. reduce the pressure on communities.
答案：C
答案句：Many of the answers to the crisis in health and care are well rehearsed. We need to be much better at reducing and diverting demand on health services, rather than simply managing it. Much more needs to be invested in communities and primary care to reduce our reliance on hospitals.
参考译文：医疗和护理危机的许多答案都是老生常谈。我们需要更善于减少和转移对医疗服务的需求，而不是简单地管理它。需要在社区和初级保健上投入更多，以减少我们对医院的依赖。
定位线索：题干“One answer to the crisis”定位到第三段“Many of the answers”；文中“Much more needs to be invested in communities and primary care”对应选项C“increase resources for primary care”（增加初级保健资源）；文中“invested”对应“increase resources”。
解析：题干问危机的一个答案。答案句明确说“需要在社区和初级保健上投入更多”，即增加初级保健资源，对应C。A“提高医院效率”文中说减少对医院依赖，而非提高效率，偷换概念；B“减轻社会护理负担”文中说要增加社会护理能力，而非减轻负担，方向相反；D“减少社区压力”文中说增加社区投入，而非减少压力，偷换概念。
28. “Reimagining health” is aimed to ____
- A. reinforce hospital management.
- B. readjust healthcare regulations.
- C. restructure the health system.
- D. resume suspended health reforms.
答案：C
答案句：That is why the Reform think tank is launching a new programme of work entitled “Reimagining health”, supported by ten former health ministers. Together, we are calling for a much more open and honest conversation about the future of health in the UK, and an “urgent rethink” of the hospital-centric model we retain.
参考译文：这就是为什么改革智库正在启动一项名为“重新构想健康”的新工作计划，得到了十位前卫生部长的支持。我们共同呼吁就英国健康的未来进行更开放、更诚实的对话，并对我们所保留的以医院为中心的模式进行“紧急反思”。
定位线索：题干“Reimagining health”定位到第四段；文中“urgent rethink of the hospital-centric model”对应选项C“restructure the health system”（重构医疗体系）；文中“rethink”对应“restructure”。
解析：题干问“重新构想健康”计划的目标。答案句指出该计划呼吁对以医院为中心的模式进行“紧急反思”，即重构医疗体系，对应C。A“加强医院管理”与反思医院中心模式相反，偷换概念；B“调整医疗法规”文中未提法规，无中生有；D“恢复暂停的改革”文中说两十年改革未取得进展，但未说暂停，无中生有。
29. To maximise the nation’s health, the author suggests ____
- A. introducing relevant taxation policies.
- B. paying due attention to social factors.
- C. reevaluating major health outcomes.
- D. enhancing the quality of healthcare.
答案：B
答案句：This must begin with the question of how we maximise the health of the nation, rather than “fix” the NHS. It is estimated, for example, that healthcare accounts for only about 20% of health outcomes. Much more important are the places we live, work and socialise — yet there is no clear cross-government strategy for improving these social determinants of health.
参考译文：这必须从如何最大化国家健康的问题开始，而不是“修复”NHS。例如，据估计，医疗保健只占健康结果的约20%。更重要的是我们生活、工作和社交的场所——然而，目前还没有明确的跨政府战略来改善这些健康的社会决定因素。
定位线索：题干“To maximise the nation's health”定位到第五段“how we maximise the health of the nation”；文中“Much more important are the places we live, work and socialise”和“social determinants of health”对应选项B“paying due attention to social factors”（关注社会因素）；文中“social determinants”对应“social factors”。
解析：题干问作者建议如何最大化国家健康。答案句指出医疗只占健康结果的20%，更重要的是生活、工作、社交场所等社会决定因素，因此应关注社会因素，对应B。A“引入税收政策”文中未提，无中生有；C“重新评估健康结果”文中未提评估，无中生有；D“提高医疗质量”文中说医疗只占20%，强调社会因素而非医疗，偷换概念。
30. It can be inferred that local leaders should ____
- A. exercise their power more reasonably.
- B. develop a stronger sense of responsibility.
- C. play a bigger role in the health system.
- D. understand people’s health needs better.
答案：C
答案句：Reform wants to ask how power and resources should be distributed in our health system. What health functions should remain at the centre, and what should be given to local leaders, often responsible for services that create health, and with a much better understanding of the needs of their populations?
参考译文：改革智库想问，权力和资源应该如何在我们的医疗体系中分配。哪些健康职能应保留在中央，哪些应交给地方领导人——他们通常负责创造健康的服务，并且更了解其民众的需求？
定位线索：题干“local leaders”定位到末段；文中“what should be given to local leaders”和“often responsible for services that create health”对应选项C“play a bigger role in the health system”（在医疗体系中发挥更大作用）；文中“given to local leaders”对应“play a bigger role”。
解析：题干问可推断地方领导人应如何。答案句问哪些职能应交给地方领导人，且他们负责创造健康的服务，暗示地方领导人应承担更多职能，即发挥更大作用，对应C。A“更合理行使权力”文中未提“合理”，无中生有；B“增强责任感”文中未提责任感，无中生有；D“更好理解民众需求”文中说他们“更了解”需求，这是已有特点，而非应做之事，偷换概念。