36. The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to show
- A. the prevalence of health apps.
- B. the public concern over health.
- C. the popularity of smartphones.
- D. the advancement of technology.
答案：A
答案句：Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone. … Whether it is a mental health app, a fitness tracker, a connected health device or something else, many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better track of our health in some shape or form.
参考译文：来自健康护理应用审查组织的最新研究发现，市场上有35万个健康应用，仅2020年一年就推出了9万个。……无论是心理健康应用、健身追踪器、联网健康设备还是其他什么，我们中许多人都在利用这项技术以某种形式更好地追踪自己的健康状况。
定位线索：题干“The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to show”定位到第1段“Recent research...found that 350,000 health apps...90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone”；文中“350,000 health apps...90,000 launched”对应选项A“the prevalence of health apps”（健康应用的普及）。
解析：题干问第一段引用研究数据的目的，属于例证题。例子本身（35万健康应用、2020年新增9万）不是答案依据，其前的背景句“many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better track of our health”和例子共同说明健康应用数量庞大且广泛使用，即“普及性”，对应A。B“公众对健康的关注”范围过大，C“智能手机的普及”和D“技术的进步”均与例子内容无关，属于无中生有。
37. What does the author imply about existing health privacy law?
- A. Its coverage needs to be extended.
- B. Its enforcement needs strengthening.
- C. It has discouraged medical misconduct.
- D. It has disappointed insurance companies.
答案：A
答案句：Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is primarily focused on the way hospitals, doctors’ offices, clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legal protections.
参考译文：现有的健康隐私法，如《健康保险携带和责任法案》，主要关注医院、医生办公室、诊所和保险公司在线存储健康记录的方式。这些应用和健康数据追踪可穿戴设备收集的健康信息通常得不到同样的法律保护。
定位线索：题干“existing health privacy law”对应答案句“Existing health privacy law”；文中“primarily focused on...hospitals, doctors’ offices, clinics and insurance companies”与“does not receive the same legal protections”对应选项A“Its coverage needs to be extended”（其覆盖范围需要扩大）。
解析：题干问作者对现有健康隐私法的暗示，属于推理题。答案句指出现有法律只覆盖医疗机构和保险公司，而健康应用收集的信息“得不到同样的法律保护”，由此可推断法律覆盖范围不足，需要扩展，对应A。B“执法需要加强”文中未提及执法问题，C“阻止了医疗不当行为”和D“让保险公司失望”均无原文依据，属于无中生有。
38. Before sharing its users’ health information, Flo Health is required to
- A. seek the approval of the FTC.
- B. find qualified third parties.
- C. remove irrelevant personal data.
- D. obtain their explicit permission.
答案：D
答案句：Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users’ express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.
参考译文：Flo Health与FTC通过一项同意令解决了此事，要求该公司在分享用户健康信息前获得应用用户的明确肯定同意，并指示第三方删除其已获取的数据。
定位线索：题干“Before sharing its users’ health information, Flo Health is required to”对应答案句“before sharing their health information”；文中“get app users’ express affirmative consent”对应选项D“obtain their explicit permission”（获得他们的明确许可）。
解析：题干问Flo Health在分享用户健康信息前需要做什么，属于细节题。答案句直接说明“要求公司在分享健康信息前获得用户的明确肯定同意”，其中“express affirmative consent”与选项D“explicit permission”为同义改写，直接对应。A“寻求FTC批准”偷换概念，文中是FTC要求公司获得用户同意而非公司寻求FTC批准；B“找到合格的第三方”和C“删除无关个人数据”均与原文不符，原文要求第三方删除数据而非公司删除。
39. What challenge is the FTC currently faced with?
- A. The complexity of health information.
- B. The rapid increase in new health apps.
- C. The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.
- D. The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.
答案：B
答案句：While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.
参考译文：尽管FTC正在尽其所能确保应用在敏感健康信息处理方面对消费者信守承诺，但这些健康应用进入市场的速度表明这是一项多么巨大的挑战。
定位线索：题干“What challenge is the FTC currently faced with”对应答案句“how immense of a challenge this is”；文中“the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market”对应选项B“The rapid increase in new health apps”（新健康应用的快速增长）。
解析：题干问FTC当前面临的挑战，属于细节题。答案句明确指出“健康应用进入市场的速度”表明挑战巨大，即新应用增长过快使监管难以跟上，对应B。A“健康信息的复杂性”文中未提及，C“健康应用的微妙欺骗性”虽在上一段提到FTC调查欺骗行为，但此处挑战的焦点是数量而非欺骗性，D“评估消费者伤害的难度”文中未提及，均属于偷换概念或答非所问。
40. It can be learned from the last paragraph that health data protection
- A. has been embraced by health app developers.
- B. has been a focus of federal policy-making.
- C. has encountered opposition in California.
- D. has gained legislative support in some states.
答案：D
答案句：States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health data. California has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts with the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018. Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation.
参考译文：各州已开始实施自己的解决方案，以加强对消费者生成的健康数据的保护。加州凭借2018年的《加州消费者隐私法案》走在了州隐私工作的前列。弗吉尼亚州、科罗拉多州和犹他州最近也通过了州消费者数据隐私立法。
定位线索：题干“It can be learned from the last paragraph that health data protection”对应答案句“States have begun implementing their own solutions”；文中“California...Virginia, Colorado and Utah...passed state consumer data privacy legislation”对应选项D“has gained legislative support in some states”（在一些州获得了立法支持）。
解析：题干问从最后一段能得知健康数据保护的什么情况，属于推理题。答案句列举加州、弗吉尼亚、科罗拉多和犹他等州已通过隐私立法，可推断健康数据保护在一些州获得了立法支持，对应D。A“已被健康应用开发者接受”文中未提及开发者态度，B“已成为联邦政策制定的重点”与原文“comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term”矛盾，C“在加州遇到反对”与原文“California has been at the forefront”相反，均属于无中生有或与原文相悖。