31. According to Paragraph 1, Nagpur’s plan proposes measures to ____
- A. tackle extreme weather.
- B. ensure construction quality.
- C. monitor emergency warnings.
- D. address excessive workloads.
答案：A
答案句：Nagpur’s plan, for instance, calls for hospitals to set aside “cold wards” in the summer for treating heatstroke patients, and advises builders to give construction laborers a break from work on very hot days.
参考译文：例如，那格浦尔的计划要求医院在夏季设立“冷病房”来治疗中暑患者，并建议建筑商在非常炎热的日子让建筑工人休息。
定位线索：题干“Paragraph 1”和“Nagpur’s plan proposes measures”对应答案句“Nagpur’s plan...calls for...and advises...”；文中“calls for...cold wards...treating heatstroke patients”和“advises...a break from work on very hot days”对应选项A“tackle extreme weather”（应对极端天气）。
解析：题干问那格浦尔计划提出的措施，答案句直接列举了该计划的两项措施：设立冷病房治疗中暑患者和让建筑工人在高温天休息，这些都属于应对极端高温天气的措施，因此选A。选项B“确保建筑质量”和C“监控紧急警告”在原文中未提及，属于无中生有；选项D“解决过度工作量”偷换概念，原文说的是高温天休息，并非工作量问题。
32. One problem with existing HAPs is that they ____
- A. prove too costly to be implemented.
- B. lack localized alert-issuing criteria.
- C. give delayed responses to heat waves.
- D. keep hospitals under great pressure.
答案：B
答案句：But implementation of existing HAPs has been uneven, according to a report from the center for Policy Research. Many lack adequate funding, it found. And their triggering thresholds often are not customized to the local climate.
参考译文：但根据政策研究中心的一份报告，现有HAP的实施情况参差不齐。报告发现，许多HAP缺乏足够的资金。而且它们的触发阈值往往没有根据当地气候进行定制。
定位线索：题干“One problem with existing HAPs”对应答案句“their triggering thresholds often are not customized to the local climate”；文中“not customized to the local climate”对应选项B“lack localized alert-issuing criteria”（缺乏本地化的警报发布标准）。
解析：题干问现有HAP的一个问题，答案句明确指出“触发阈值往往没有根据当地气候进行定制”，即缺乏本地化的警报标准，因此选B。选项A“实施成本过高”在原文中虽有“缺乏资金”的表述，但“缺乏资金”不等于“成本过高”，属于偷换概念；选项C“对热浪反应迟缓”和D“给医院带来巨大压力”在原文中未提及，属于无中生有。
33. Mumbai’s case shows that India’s heat alert systems need to ____
- A. include other factors besides temperature.
- B. take subtle weather changes into account.
- C. prioritize potentially disastrous heat waves.
- D. draw further support from local authorities.
答案：A
答案句：Mumbai’s April heat stroke deaths highlighted the need for more nuanced and localized warnings, researchers say. That day’s high temperature of roughlyc wasc shy of the heat wave alert threshold for coastal cities set by national meteorological authorities. But the effects of the heat were amplified by humidity — an often neglected factor in heat alert systems — and the lack of shade at the late-morning outdoor ceremony.
参考译文：研究人员表示，孟买4月的中暑死亡事件凸显了对更细致、更本地化警报的需求。当天的高温大约为c，低于国家气象部门为沿海城市设定的热浪警报阈值。但高温的影响因湿度（热警报系统中常被忽视的因素）以及上午晚些时候户外仪式缺乏遮荫而被放大。
定位线索：题干“Mumbai’s case”对应答案句“Mumbai’s April heat stroke deaths”；文中“humidity — an often neglected factor in heat alert systems”对应选项A“include other factors besides temperature”（纳入温度以外的其他因素）。
解析：题干问孟买案例表明印度热警报系统需要什么，答案句指出高温影响被湿度放大，而湿度是热警报系统中常被忽视的因素，说明警报系统需要纳入温度以外的因素，因此选A。选项B“考虑微妙的天气变化”范围过宽，原文强调的是湿度这一具体因素；选项C“优先考虑潜在灾难性热浪”和D“获得地方当局更多支持”在原文中未提及，属于无中生有。
34. Kotharkar holds that a vulnerability map can help ____
- A. prevent the harm of high humidity.
- B. target areas needing special attention.
- C. expand the Nagpur project’s coverage.
- D. make relief plans for heat-stricken people.
答案：B
答案句：Among other things, she says, all cities should create a vulnerability map to help focus responses on the populations most at risk. … For example, neighborhoods with a large elderly population or informal dwellings that cope poorly with heat could get special warnings or be bolstered with cooling centers.
参考译文：她说，除其他事项外，所有城市都应绘制脆弱性地图，以帮助将应对措施集中在风险最高的人群上。……例如，老年人口众多或非正规住房（对高温应对能力差）的社区可以获得特别警告或得到降温中心的支持。
定位线索：题干“Kotharkar holds that a vulnerability map can help”对应答案句“create a vulnerability map to help focus responses on the populations most at risk”；文中“focus responses on the populations most at risk”对应选项B“target areas needing special attention”（锁定需要特别关注的区域）。
解析：题干问Kotharkar认为脆弱性地图能帮助什么，答案句明确指出它能“将应对措施集中在风险最高的人群上”，即锁定需要特别关注的区域，因此选B。选项A“防止高湿度的危害”在原文中未提及，属于无中生有；选项C“扩大那格浦尔项目的覆盖范围”偷换概念，原文说的是地图帮助确定重点区域，并非扩大项目范围；选项D“为受热人群制定救援计划”范围过宽，原文强调的是“聚焦风险人群”，而非制定计划。
35. According to the last paragraph, researchers believe that HAPs should ____
- A. focus more on heatstroke treatment.
- B. invite wider public participation.
- C. apply for more government grants.
- D. serve a broader range of purposes.
答案：D
答案句：HAPs shouldn't just include short-term emergency responses, researchers say, but also recommend medium- to long-term measures that could make communities cooler. In Nagpur, for example, Kotharkar’s team has been able to advise city officials about where to plant trees to provide shade. HAPs could also guide efforts to retrofit homes or modify building regulations. “Reducing deaths in an emergency is a good target to have, but it’s the lowest target,” says Climate researcher Chandni Singh.
参考译文：研究人员表示，HAP不应只包括短期应急响应，还应推荐可能使社区更凉爽的中长期措施。例如，在那格浦尔，Kotharkar的团队已经能够就哪里植树以提供遮荫向市政官员提供建议。HAP还可以指导房屋改造或修改建筑法规的努力。气候研究员Chandni Singh说：“在紧急情况下减少死亡是一个好目标，但这是最低的目标。”
定位线索：题干“last paragraph”和“researchers believe that HAPs should”对应答案句“HAPs shouldn't just include short-term emergency responses...but also recommend medium- to long-term measures”；文中“shouldn't just include...but also recommend”对应选项D“serve a broader range of purposes”（服务于更广泛的目的）。
解析：题干问研究人员认为HAP应该怎样，答案句明确指出HAP不应只包括短期应急响应，还应包括中长期措施，如植树、改造房屋、修改建筑法规等，说明HAP应服务于更广泛的目的，因此选D。选项A“更关注中暑治疗”范围过窄，原文强调的是中长期措施而非治疗；选项B“邀请更广泛的公众参与”和C“申请更多政府拨款”在原文中未提及，属于无中生有。