31. It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patterns
- A. improve user experiences
- B. leak user information for profit
- C. undermine users' decision-making
- D. remind users of hidden costs
答案：C
答案句：We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel. Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are examples of dark patterns. … First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, dark patterns” is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision making ability of users. Brig
参考译文：我们在个人和职业生活中都遇到过它们。想想那些你被会员或订阅服务欺骗或感到沮丧的时刻，它们注册过程顺畅，但后来却难以取消。本应简单透明的事情，却可能有意或无意地变得复杂，从而损害消费者的选择。这些都是暗黑模式的例子。……暗黑模式一词最早由用户体验专家哈里·布里格纳尔于2010年提出，是一个总括性术语，指操纵用户界面以影响用户决策能力的做法。
定位线索：题干“the first two paragraphs”定位到前两段；文中“impair consumer choice”和“influence the decision-making ability of users”对应选项C“undermine users' decision-making”（削弱用户的决策能力）。
解析：题干问从前两段能了解到暗黑模式的什么特点。答案句明确指出暗黑模式“impair consumer choice”（损害消费者选择）和“influence the decision-making ability of users”（影响用户决策能力），这与选项C“undermine users' decision-making”是同义转述。选项A“改善用户体验”与原文“tricked or frustrated”矛盾；选项B“泄露用户信息获利”原文未提及；选项D“提醒用户隐藏成本”与原文“hidden costs”是暗黑模式的一种类型，但并非前两段主旨，且“remind”与原文不符。
32. The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show.
- A. their major flaws
- B. their complex designs
- C. their severe damage
- D. their strong presence
答案：D
答案句：In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood.
参考译文：在2019年一项针对53,000个产品页面和11,000个网站的研究中，研究人员发现大约十分之一采用了这些设计做法。尽管广泛存在，暗黑模式的概念仍未被充分理解。
定位线索：题干“2019 study”定位到第三段；文中“about one in 10 employs these design practices”和“widely prevalent”对应选项D“their strong presence”（它们的存在很普遍）。
解析：题干问2019年研究被提及是为了说明什么。答案句先给出研究数据“约十分之一采用这些设计”，随后紧跟“Though widely prevalent”（尽管广泛存在），这明确表明该例子旨在说明暗黑模式的普遍性，即选项D“their strong presence”。选项A“主要缺陷”、B“复杂设计”、C“严重损害”均不是该例子要论证的观点，例子本身只是数据，观点句是“widely prevalent”。
33. To handle digital deception, businesses should.
- A. listen to customer feedback
- B. talk with relevant teams
- C. turn to independent agencies
- D. rely on professional training
答案：B
答案句：Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups, checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions.
参考译文：企业应与IT、合规、风险和法务团队进行对话，审查其隐私政策，并将负责公司用户界面的客户/用户体验设计师和编码人员，以及负责注册、结账购物车、定价和促销的市场营销和广告人员纳入讨论。
定位线索：题干“To handle digital deception”定位到第四段；文中“engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams”对应选项B“talk with relevant teams”（与相关团队交谈）。
解析：题干问企业应如何处理数字欺骗。答案句明确指出企业应“engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams”（与IT、合规、风险和法务团队对话），并纳入设计师、编码人员、营销人员等，这与选项B“talk with relevant teams”直接对应。选项A“听取客户反馈”原文未提及；选项C“求助于独立机构”和D“依赖专业培训”均无原文依据，属于无中生有。
34. The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to.
- A. guide users through opt-out processes
- B. protect consumers from being tricked
- C. grant companies data privacy rights
- D. restrict access to problematic content
答案：B
答案句：In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that ”ensure that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights.” The regulations aim to ban dark patterns this means prohibiting companies from using confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn't opt out.” As
参考译文：今年3月，加州总检察长宣布批准《加州消费者隐私法案》（CCPA）下的附加法规，这些法规“确保消费者在寻求行使数据隐私权时不会感到困惑或被误导”。这些法规旨在禁止暗黑模式，即禁止公司使用令人困惑的语言或不必要的步骤，例如强迫消费者点击多个屏幕或听取他们不应选择退出的理由。
定位线索：题干“additional regulations under the CCPA”定位到第四段；文中“ensure that consumers will not be confused or misled”对应选项B“protect consumers from being tricked”（保护消费者不被欺骗）。
解析：题干问CCPA下附加法规的目的。答案句直接引用法规内容“ensure that consumers will not be confused or misled”（确保消费者不会困惑或被误导），并说明其旨在“ban dark patterns”（禁止暗黑模式），这与选项B“protect consumers from being tricked”完全对应。选项A“引导用户完成退出流程”是法规禁止的“unnecessary steps”的反面，并非目的；选项C“授予公司数据隐私权”与原文保护消费者权益相反；选项D“限制访问有问题的内容”原文未提及。
35. According to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns is
- A. new legal requirements
- B. businesses' self-discipline
- C. strict regulatory standards
- D. consumers' safety awareness
答案：B
答案句：Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements but also to industry best practices and standards.
参考译文：暗黑模式也可以在自我监管的基础上解决，但前提是组织要对自己负责，不仅要对法律要求负责，还要对行业最佳实践和标准负责。
定位线索：题干“a key to coping with dark patterns”定位到最后一段；文中“self-regulatory basis”和“hold themselves accountable”对应选项B“businesses' self-discipline”（企业的自律）。
解析：题干问应对暗黑模式的关键是什么。答案句明确指出“Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis”（暗黑模式可以在自我监管的基础上解决），并强调“only if organizations hold themselves accountable”（前提是组织对自己负责），这与选项B“businesses' self-discipline”同义。选项A“新的法律要求”和C“严格的监管标准”虽在原文提及，但只是“not just to legal requirements”中的部分，并非关键；选项D“消费者的安全意识”原文未提及。