36. Nalini Ambady’ s study deals with.
- A. the power of people’s memory
- B. the reliability of first impressions
- C. Instructor-student interaction
- D. people’s ability to influence others
答案：B
答案句：In one study of the ability she called“thin slicing,” the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor’s overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly with students’ end-of-semester ratings.
参考译文：在她称之为“薄片撷取”能力的一项研究中，已故心理学家纳利尼·安巴迪要求参与者观看教授们的无声10秒视频片段，并对教师的整体教学效果进行评分。他们的评分与学生在学期末的评分高度相关。
定位线索：题干“Nalini Ambady's study”→答案句“In one study...Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch...video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness”；文中“rate the instructor's overall effectiveness”对应选项B“the reliability of first impressions”（即通过薄片撷取判断教师有效性，体现第一印象的可靠性）。
解析：题干问Nalini Ambady的研究涉及什么。答案句明确指出该研究让参与者观看教授的视频片段并评分，且评分与学生期末评分高度相关，说明研究关注的是基于短暂观察（第一印象）的判断可靠性，对应选项B。选项A“记忆的力量”无中生有；选项C“师生互动”只是研究材料，非研究主题；选项D“影响他人的能力”文中未提及。
37. In Ambady’s study, rating accuracy dropped when participants.
- A. focused on specific details
- B. gave the rating in limited time
- C. watched shorter video clips
- D. discussed with one another
答案：A
答案句：Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression.
参考译文：关键的是，另一组被要求在给出评分前花一分钟写下他们判断的理由。准确性大幅下降。安巴迪怀疑，深思熟虑使他们专注于生动但具有误导性的线索，如某些手势或话语，而不是让微妙信号的复杂相互作用形成整体印象。
定位线索：题干“rating accuracy dropped”→答案句“Accuracy dropped dramatically”；文中“focused them on vivid but misleading cues”对应选项A“focused on specific details”（即专注于具体细节）。
解析：题干问在什么情况下评分准确性下降。答案句指出参与者被要求写下判断理由（即进行深思熟虑），准确性大幅下降，且深思使他们专注于生动但误导性的线索（具体细节），对应选项A。选项B“有限时间内评分”文中未提及；选项C“更短的视频片段”与原文10秒不符；选项D“相互讨论”无中生有。
38. Judith Hall mentions driving to show that.
- A. reflection can be distracting
- B. memory may be selective
- C. social skills must be cultivated
- D. deception is difficult to detect
答案：A
答案句：Other research shows we’re better at detecting deception from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection. “It’s as if you’re driving a stick shift,” says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern University, “and if you start thinking about it too much, you can’t remember what you’re doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, you’re fine. Much of our social life is like that.”
参考译文：其他研究表明，当我们依靠直觉而非反思时，我们更擅长从薄片撷取中识别欺骗。“这就好比你在开手动挡汽车，”东北大学心理学家朱迪思·霍尔说，“如果你开始想得太多，你就会忘记自己在做什么。但如果你开启自动驾驶模式，就没问题。我们的许多社交生活都是如此。”
定位线索：题干“Judith Hall mentions driving”→答案句“It's as if you're driving a stick shift”；文中“if you start thinking about it too much, you can't remember what you're doing”对应选项A“reflection can be distracting”（即反思会分散注意力）。
解析：题干问Judith Hall提到驾驶是为了说明什么。答案句中驾驶比喻的核心是“想太多会忘记自己在做什么”，而“依靠直觉”则没问题，说明反思（思考太多）会分散注意力，对应选项A。例子本身（驾驶）不是答案依据，例子前的观点句“we're better at detecting deception...when we rely on intuition instead of reflection”和例子后的“if you start thinking about it too much, you can't remember what you're doing”才是关键。选项B“记忆可能有选择性”曲解比喻；选项C“社交技能需培养”无中生有；选项D“欺骗难以察觉”与原文相反。
39. When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to.
- A. collect enough data
- B. list your preferences
- C. seek expert advice
- D. follow your feelings
答案：D
答案句：And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex—when they had a lot of information to process.
参考译文：而且，当人们被要求关注自己的感受而非细节时，他们做出的购车决定在客观上更好且更令人满意，但前提是决定复杂——即他们需要处理大量信息时。
定位线索：题干“making complex decisions”→答案句“only if the decision was complex”；文中“focus on their feelings”对应选项D“follow your feelings”（即跟随你的感受）。
解析：题干问做复杂决定时建议怎么做。答案句明确指出当决定复杂时，关注感受（而非细节）能做出更好更满意的决定，对应选项D“跟随你的感觉”。选项A“收集足够数据”与原文“focus on feelings rather than details”相反；选项B“列出偏好”无中生有；选项C“寻求专家建议”文中未提及。
40. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
- A. Generating new products takes time.
- B. Intuition may affect reflective tasks.
- C. Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity.
- D. Objective thinking may boost intuitiveness.
答案：B
答案句：In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech).Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition (“gut feelings,” “ hunches,” “my heart”).Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks, as expected, and helped them on the rest.
参考译文：在一项研究中，参与者完成了一系列八项任务，包括四项涉及反思性思维的任务（辨别规则、理解词汇）和四项涉及直觉和创造力的任务（生成新产品或修辞手法）。然后他们评估了自己使用直觉的程度（“直觉”、“预感”、“我的心”）。如预期所料，使用直觉损害了他们在前四项任务中的表现，但在其余任务中有所帮助。
定位线索：题干“last paragraph”→答案句取自最后一段“In one study...Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks”；文中“hurt their performance on the first four tasks”对应选项B“Intuition may affect reflective tasks”（即直觉可能影响反思性任务）。
解析：题干问从最后一段能学到什么。答案句指出使用直觉损害了前四项任务（反思性思维任务）的表现，说明直觉会对反思性任务产生负面影响，对应选项B。选项A“生成新产品需要时间”无中生有；选项C“词汇理解需要创造力”与原文“comprehending vocabulary”属于反思性任务不符；选项D“客观思维可能增强直觉”文中未提及。