21. Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can.
- A. pick up social signals from non-living rats
- B. distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one
- C. attain sociable traits through special training
- D. send out warning messages to their fellows
答案：A
答案句：Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Laleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.
参考译文：老鼠和其他动物需要高度关注来自其他动物的社交信号，以便识别可以合作的伙伴和需要躲避的敌人。为了探究这种情况是否也适用于非生命体，加州大学圣迭戈分校的拉莱·奎因和她的同事们测试了老鼠是否能从机器老鼠身上识别出社交信号。
定位线索：题干“Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can”→答案句“tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats”；文中“non-living beings”对应选项“non-living rats”；文中“detect social signals”对应选项“pick up social signals”。
解析：题干问奎因和同事进行测试的目的，答案句明确说“tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats”，即测试老鼠能否从机器老鼠（非生命体）识别社交信号，与A项“pick up social signals from non-living rats”同义。B项是原文第一句提到的老鼠识别朋友和敌人的能力，但这不是测试目的，属于答非所问；C项“通过特殊训练获得社交特质”和D项“向同伴发送警告信息”在原文中均无依据，属于无中生有。
22. What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?
- A. It followed the social robot.
- B. It played with some toys.
- C. It set the trapped rats free.
- D. It moved around alone.
答案：D
答案句：During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.
参考译文：在实验过程中，社交型机器老鼠会跟随活老鼠四处走动，玩同样的玩具，并打开笼门让被困的老鼠逃出。与此同时，非社交型机器老鼠只是前后左右移动。
定位线索：题干“What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?”→答案句“the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side”；文中“simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side”对应选项“moved around alone”。
解析：题干问非社交型机器老鼠在实验中的行为，答案句明确说它“simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side”，即只是独自移动，与D项“moved around alone”对应。A、B、C项描述的都是社交型机器老鼠的行为（跟随、玩玩具、释放被困老鼠），属于张冠李戴。
23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they
- A. tried to practice a means of escape.
- B. expected it to do the same in return.
- C. wanted to display their intelligence.
- D. considered that an interesting game.
答案：B
答案句：The rats may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, she says.
参考译文：老鼠可能因为社交型机器老鼠表现出集体探索和玩耍等行为而与它建立了更紧密的联系。她说，这可能导致老鼠更好地记住之前曾释放过它，并希望当它们被困时机器老鼠能回报这份恩情。
定位线索：题干“According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they”→答案句“wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped”；文中“return the favour”对应选项“expected it to do the same in return”。
解析：题干问老鼠释放社交型机器老鼠的原因，答案句明确说老鼠“wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped”，即希望机器老鼠在它们被困时回报，与B项“expected it to do the same in return”同义。A项“练习逃跑手段”、C项“展示智力”、D项“认为是有趣的游戏”在原文中均无依据，属于无中生有。
24. Janet Wiles notes that rats
- A. can remember other rats' facial features.
- B. differentiate smells better than sizes.
- C. respond more to actions than to looks.
- D. can be scared by a plastic box on wheels.
答案：C
答案句：The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. “We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scent on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn't necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.
参考译文：考虑到机器老鼠极简的设计，老鼠愿意与它交朋友这一事实令人惊讶。机器老鼠与普通老鼠大小相同，但看起来像一个带轮子的简单塑料盒。参与这项研究的澳大利亚昆士兰大学的珍妮特·怀尔斯说：“我们原以为必须给它装上会动的头和尾巴、面部特征，还要给它喷上气味让它闻起来像真老鼠，但事实证明那没有必要。”
定位线索：题干“Janet Wiles notes that rats”→答案句“We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scent on it... but that wasn't necessary”；文中“that wasn't necessary”对应选项“respond more to actions than to looks”。
解析：题干问珍妮特·怀尔斯指出老鼠的什么特点，答案句提到研究人员原以为需要给机器老鼠装上会动的头和尾巴、面部特征以及气味，但发现没有必要，说明老鼠对动作（社交行为）的反应比对长相（外观）更敏感，与C项“respond more to actions than to looks”对应。A项“能记住其他老鼠的面部特征”、B项“区分气味比区分大小更好”、D项“会被带轮子的塑料盒吓到”在原文中均无依据，属于无中生有。
25. It can be learned from the text that rats
- A. appear to be adaptable to new surroundings
- B. are more socially active than other animals
- C. behave differently from children in socializing
- D. are more sensitive to social cues than expected
答案：D
答案句：The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. says Wiles. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. “We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,” says Wiles.
参考译文：怀尔斯说，这一发现表明老鼠对社交信号有多么敏感，即使这些信号来自简单的机器人。同样，儿童也倾向于把机器人当作同类，即使机器人只表现出简单的社交信号。怀尔斯说：“我们人类似乎对机器人着迷，事实证明其他动物也是如此。”
定位线索：题干“It can be learned from the text that rats”→答案句“The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots”；文中“how sensitive rats are to social cues”对应选项“are more sensitive to social cues than expected”。
解析：题干问从文中可以推断出老鼠的什么特点，答案句指出“The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots”，结合前文提到老鼠对极简设计的机器老鼠表现出社交反应，可以推断老鼠对社交信号的敏感程度超出预期，与D项“are more sensitive to social cues than expected”对应。A项“适应新环境”在原文中无依据；B项“比其他动物更活跃”属于过度推断，原文只提到老鼠和儿童，未作比较；C项“社交行为与儿童不同”与原文“Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings”相矛盾，属于偷换概念。