31. Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?
- A. Its effects are questionable.
- B. It has been opposed by a judge.
- C. It needs tougher enforcement.
- D. Its fate is yet to be decided.
答案：D
答案句：Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise. … A judge has now overruled the city’s decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone’s future looks uncertain at best.
参考译文：七个月和一个选举日之后，新的保守派市议会暂停了清洁空气区的执行，这是其可能消亡的第一步。 … 一名法官现已推翻了该市停止征收罚款的决定，命令恢复罚款。但由于法律斗争仍在进行，该区域的未来充其量看起来不确定。
定位线索：题干“Madrid’s clean air zone”对应答案句“the clean air zone”；文中“its future looks uncertain at best”对应选项D“Its fate is yet to be decided”（命运尚未决定）。
解析：题干问关于马德里清洁空气区哪个说法正确。答案句明确指出该区域“未来不确定”，与D项“命运尚未决定”同义。A项“效果可疑”与文中“success in improving air quality”矛盾；B项“被法官反对”偷换概念，法官是反对停止罚款而非反对该区域；C项“需要更严格执法”无中生有。
32. Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?
- A. They are biased against car manufacturers.
- B. They prove impractical for city councils.
- C. They are deemed too mild for politicians.
- D. They put too much burden on individual motorists.
答案：D
答案句：Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.
参考译文：在其他弱点中，当城市不得不自行处理脏空气时，它们必须采取的措施在政治上有争议，因此很脆弱。这是因为这些措施不可避免地将清洁空气的成本转嫁给个体司机——他们必须支付费用或购买更好的车辆——而不是转嫁给汽车制造商，而制造商的欺骗才是我们有毒污染的真正原因。
定位线索：题干“weakness of the city-level measures”对应答案句“Among other weaknesses”；文中“put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers”对应选项D“put too much burden on individual motorists”（给个体司机过多负担）。
解析：题干问城市级措施的弱点。答案句直接说明措施将成本转嫁给个体司机，与D项对应。A项“对制造商有偏见”与原文“rather than on to the car manufacturers”相反；B项“对市议会不切实际”无中生有；C项“对政治家太温和”偷换概念，原文说“politically contentious”而非“mild”。
33. The author believes that the extension of London’s Ulez will.
- A. arouse strong resistance
- B. ensure Khan’s electoral success
- C. improve the city’s traffic
- D. discourage car manufacturing
答案：A
答案句：And if Sadiq khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.
参考译文：如果萨迪克·汗获胜并按计划在2021年将其扩展到南北环路，这必将引发更多受影响驾车者的强烈反对。
定位线索：题干“extension of London’s Ulez”对应答案句“extends it to the North and South Circular roads”；文中“spark intense opposition”对应选项A“arouse strong resistance”（引起强烈抵制）。
解析：题干问作者认为伦敦Ulez扩展将如何。答案句明确说“必将引发强烈反对”，与A项对应。B项“确保汗的选举成功”无中生有；C项“改善交通”和D项“阻止汽车制造”均未提及。
34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?
- A. Local residents.
- B. Mayors.
- C. Councilors.
- D. National governments.
答案：D
答案句：They are acting because national governments—Britain’s and others across Europe—have failed to do so.
参考译文：他们之所以采取行动，是因为国家政府——英国和欧洲其他国家的政府——未能这样做。
定位线索：题干“who should have addressed the problem”对应答案句“national governments...have failed to do so”；文中“national governments”对应选项D“National governments”（国家政府）。
解析：题干问作者认为谁本应解决这个问题。答案句指出国家政府未能行动，暗示他们本应负责，与D项对应。A项“当地居民”、B项“市长”、C项“议员”都是已行动者而非应负责者。
35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies.
- A. will raise low-emission car production
- B. should be forced to follow regulations
- C. will upgrade the design of their vehicles
- D. should be put under public supervision
答案：B
答案句：Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. … We’re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.
参考译文：将高污染汽车挡在特定区域（市中心、“学校街道”甚至个别道路）之外的限制措施，是对缺乏更大力度来适当执行现有法规并要求汽车公司使其车辆合规的回应。 … 我们什么都做了，就是没有坚持要求制造商清洁他们的汽车。
定位线索：题干“last paragraph”对应答案句取自末段；文中“require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance”和“insist that manufacturers clean up their cars”对应选项B“should be forced to follow regulations”（应被强制遵守法规）。
解析：题干问从末段推断汽车公司应如何。答案句指出缺乏“要求汽车公司合规”的努力，且“什么都做了就是没坚持要求制造商清洁汽车”，暗示应强制其遵守法规，与B项对应。A项“提高低排放汽车产量”和C项“升级设计”无中生有；D项“置于公众监督下”偷换概念，原文强调政府强制而非公众监督。