21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.
- A. practical ability
- B. academic training
- C. pioneering spirit
- D. mechanical memorization
答案：A
答案句：Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?
参考译文：Koziatek先生是某种开创性事业的一部分。他是新罕布什尔州一所高中的老师，在那里，学习不是书本、考试和机械记忆，而是实践。从什么时候开始，学生们能够说出美国第13任总统的名字，却被一条坏掉的自行车链条完全难住，这竟成了公认的智慧？
定位线索：题干“A broken bike chain is mentioned”→答案句取自第2段“When did it become accepted wisdom...but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?”；文中“learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical”对应选项A“practical ability”。
解析：题干问自行车链条的例子说明学生缺乏什么。答案句中，例子本身是“students...be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain”，但关键在例子前面的观点句“learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical”，即学习应是实践的，而学生被链条难住说明缺乏实践能力。正确选项A“practical ability”正是对“practical”的同义转述。错误选项B“academic training”与原文“books and tests”相关，但例子强调的是实践而非学术；C“pioneering spirit”和D“mechanical memorization”均与例子无关，属于无中生有。
22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.
- A. have a stereotyped mind
- B. have no career motivation
- C. are not academically successful
- D. are financially disadvantaged
答案：C
答案句：But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype … that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.
参考译文：但他也发现了一种隐晦的偏见。动手工作几乎被视为低人一等的标志。他说，职业教育类学校“有那种刻板印象……认为那是给在学业上无法成功的孩子准备的。”
定位线索：题干“prejudice that vocational education is for kids who”→答案句取自第3段“Schools in the family of vocational education 'have that stereotype...that it's for kids who can't make it academically,' he says.”；文中“can't make it academically”对应选项C“are not academically successful”。
解析：题干问职业教育是为哪种孩子准备的偏见。答案句中，原文直接引用“it's for kids who can't make it academically”，即“为在学业上无法成功的孩子”，正确选项C“are not academically successful”正是对“can't make it academically”的同义转述。错误选项A“have a stereotyped mind”偷换概念，原文的stereotype是偏见本身而非孩子的特征；B“have no career motivation”和D“are financially disadvantaged”在原文中均未提及，属于无中生有。
23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.
- A. used to have big financial concerns
- B. used to have more job opportunities
- C. are reluctant to work in manufacturing
- D. are entitled to more educational privileges
答案：B
答案句：On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.
参考译文：一方面，这种观点是美国演变的合乎逻辑的产物。制造业不再是它曾经的经济引擎。美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的就业保障已基本消失。更多教育是新原则。
定位线索：题干“infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates”→答案句取自第5段“The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.”；文中“once offered”对应选项B“used to have more job opportunities”。
解析：题干要求从第5段推断高中毕业生的情况。答案句指出“The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated”，即美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的就业保障已基本消失，由此可推断高中毕业生过去有更多工作机会。正确选项B“used to have more job opportunities”正是对“once offered...job security”的合理推断。错误选项A“used to have big financial concerns”与原文相反，原文说过去有保障；C“are reluctant to work in manufacturing”在原文中未提及，属于无中生有；D“are entitled to more educational privileges”与原文“More education is the new principle”不符，且“privileges”程度过重。
24. The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all.
- A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs
- B. may narrow the gap in working-class jobs
- C. is expected to yield a better-trained workforce
- D. indicates the overvaluing of higher education
答案：D
答案句：But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all – and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.
参考译文：但是，为所有人盲目推行学士学位——以及对任何低于此的微妙贬低——忽略了一个重要观点：那不是美国经济唯一需要的东西。是的，学士学位能打开更多门。但即使是现在，全国54%的工作是中等技能工作，如建筑和高技能制造业。但只有44%的工人受过充分培训。
定位线索：题干“The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all”→答案句取自第6段“But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all – and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point”；文中“subtle devaluing of anything less”对应选项D“overvaluing of higher education”。
解析：题干问“为所有人盲目推行学士学位”这一现象。答案句指出，这种推行“and the subtle devaluing of anything less”，即对低于学士学位的任何东西的微妙贬低，这正说明高等教育被过度重视。正确选项D“indicates the overvaluing of higher education”正是对“devaluing of anything less”的推断，即相对贬低其他意味着高估高等教育。错误选项A“helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs”偷换概念，原文说54%的工作是中等技能工作，但并非该推行创造；B“may narrow the gap in working-class jobs”与原文相反，原文说存在差距且未解决；C“is expected to yield a better-trained workforce”与原文“only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained”不符，说明培训不足。
25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.
- A. supportive
- B. tolerant
- C. disappointed
- D. cautious
答案：A
答案句：Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.
参考译文：Koziatek的学校是一个警钟。当教育变成一刀切时，它有可能忽视一个国家天赋的多样性。
定位线索：题干“author's attitude toward Koziatek's school”→答案句取自末段“Koziatek's school is a wake-up call.”；文中“wake-up call”（警钟）体现正面评价，对应选项A“supportive”。
解析：题干问作者对Koziatek学校的态度。答案句中，作者称“Koziatek's school is a wake-up call”，“wake-up call”意为警钟，带有积极、肯定的意味，且后文指出一刀切教育会忽视天赋多样性，暗示该校是对此的纠正，因此作者持支持态度。正确选项A“supportive”符合。错误选项B“tolerant”（容忍）程度过轻，作者是明确支持而非勉强容忍；C“disappointed”与原文正面评价相反；D“cautious”（谨慎）在原文中无依据，属于无中生有。