31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?
- A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.
- B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.
- C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.
- D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.
答案：C
答案句：American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers. Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry.
参考译文：美国农民多年来一直抱怨劳动力短缺。如果不彻底改革农业工人的移民规定，这些抱怨不太可能停止。国会阻碍了为农业工人制定更直接签证的努力，这种签证本可以让外国工人在美国停留更长时间，并在行业内更换工作。
定位线索：题干“first two paragraphs”→答案句取自第1-2段；文中“immigration rules for farm workers”对应选项C“Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers”；文中“obstructed efforts”暗示规则存在缺陷。
解析：题干问前两段指出的问题。答案句明确指出“不彻底改革农业工人的移民规定，抱怨不会停止”，且第二段说国会阻碍了简化签证的努力，说明移民规则有缺陷。选项C是对此的同义转述。选项A“歧视”无中生有；选项B“偏袒某些企业的法律”文中未提；选项D“农业就业机会减少”与原文“劳动力短缺”相反。
32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is.
- A. the rising number of illegal immigrants
- B. the high mobility of crop workers
- C. the lack of experienced laborers
- D. the aging of immigrant farm workers
答案：D
答案句：They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are.
参考译文：他们也在老龄化。本世纪初，大约三分之一的农作物工人年龄超过35岁。现在超过一半的人超过35岁。
定位线索：题干“One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce”→答案句取自第3段；文中“aging”对应选项D“the aging of immigrant farm workers”；文中“more than half are”（超过35岁）直接支持“老龄化”。
解析：题干问美国农业劳动力的一个麻烦。答案句明确说“他们也在老龄化”，并用数据说明35岁以上工人比例从三分之一上升到一半以上。选项D“移民农场工人老龄化”是对此的直接对应。选项A“非法移民增加”与原文“更少这样的工人进入”相反；选项B“高流动性”与原文“更可能定居而非迁移”相反；选项C“缺乏有经验的劳工”文中未提。
33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?
- A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.
- B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.
- C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.
- D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.
答案：B
答案句：One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.
参考译文：对于这种劳动力短缺，一个经常被争论的解决办法仍然像以往一样不可信：美国本土工人不会回到农场。
定位线索：题干“much-argued solution”→答案句取自第3段；文中“oft-debated cure”对应题干“much-argued solution”；文中“Native U.S. workers won't be returning to the farm”对应选项B“To get native U.S. workers back to farming”。
解析：题干问经常被争论的解决劳动力短缺的办法。答案句指出“经常被争论的解决办法”是“让本土工人回到农场”，但作者认为这不可信。选项B正是这个办法。选项A“吸引年轻劳工”文中未提；选项C“用更多机器人”在下一段被否定；选项D“加强财政支持”无中生有。
34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its.
- A. slow granting procedures
- B. limit on duration of stay
- C. tightened requirements
- D. control of annual admissions
答案：A
答案句：The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late.
参考译文：这个过程繁琐、昂贵且不可靠。一项调查发现，官僚主义延误导致H-2A工人平均迟到22天上班。
定位线索：题干“Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa”→答案句取自第5段；文中“cumbersome”和“bureaucratic delays”对应选项A“slow granting procedures”；文中“process”指签证申请过程。
解析：题干问雇主抱怨H-2A签证的什么问题。答案句说“过程繁琐、昂贵、不可靠”，并举例官僚延误导致工人迟到22天，说明审批程序缓慢。选项A“审批程序缓慢”是对此的概括。选项B“停留时间限制”文中未提；选项C“要求更严格”无中生有；选项D“年度名额控制”文中说“没有数量上限”，与原文矛盾。
35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?
- A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?
- B. Import Food or Labor?
- C. America Saved by Mexico?
- D. Manpower vs. Automation?
答案：B
答案句：In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.
参考译文：实际上，美国要么进口食品，要么进口采摘食品的工人。
定位线索：题干“best title”→答案句取自末段；文中“import food or import the workers”对应选项B“Import Food or Labor?”；全文围绕劳动力短缺和进口食品展开。
解析：题干问最佳标题。末段总结全文核心矛盾：美国要么进口食品，要么进口劳动力。选项B“进口食品还是劳动力？”准确概括了这一主题。选项A“美国农业在衰退？”范围过大，文中只谈劳动力问题；选项C“美国被墨西哥拯救？”文中虽提到墨西哥移民，但非主旨；选项D“人力对自动化？”机械化只是文中一个次要论点，非全文核心。