36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to.
- A. keep to your focus time
- B. list your immediate tasks
- C. make specific daily plans
- D. seize every minute to work
答案：A
答案句：There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work – be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.
参考译文：掌握深度工作艺术有很多方法——无论是专门用于特定任务的长时间静修；制定每日例行程序；还是采取“新闻式”的方法，在一天中尽可能抓住深度工作的时刻。无论哪种方法，关键是要确定你的专注时间长度并坚持下去。
定位线索：题干“The key to mastering the art of deep work”对应答案句“the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it”；文中“stick to it”对应选项A“keep to your focus time”。
解析：题干问掌握深度工作艺术的关键，答案句明确指出“the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it”，即确定专注时间并坚持，与选项A“keep to your focus time”同义。选项B“列出即时任务”和C“制定具体每日计划”是文中其他方法，但非关键；选项D“抓住每分钟工作”与原文“seizing moments”部分相关，但“key”是坚持专注时间，而非每分钟工作，属于偷换概念。
37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that.
- A. distractions may actually increase efficiency
- B. daily schedules are indispensable to studying
- C. students are hardly motivated by monthly goals
- D. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
答案：D
答案句：While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
参考译文：虽然研究人员认为，在执行任务时，结构良好的每日计划最有效，但他们错了：详细的每日计划让学生失去动力。哈福德认为，不可避免的干扰往往使每日待办清单失效，而在这样的清单中留出即兴发挥的空间可以收获最佳效果。
定位线索：题干“The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford”对应答案句“the detailed daily plans demotivated students”；文中“detailed daily plans demotivated students”对应选项D“detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected”。
解析：题干问哈福德引用的研究显示什么，答案句指出研究人员假设每日计划最有效，但“they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students”，即详细计划效果不佳，与选项D“详细计划可能不如预期有效”一致。选项A“干扰可能提高效率”是哈福德的观点，但研究本身未直接显示；选项B“每日计划对学习必不可少”与原文相反；选项C“学生很少被月度目标激励”文中未提及，属于无中生有。
38. According to Newport, idleness is.
- A. a desirable mental state for busy people
- B. a major contributor to physical health
- C. an effective way to save time and energy
- D. an essential factor in accomplishing any work
答案：D
答案句：“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body … [idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.
参考译文：“闲散不仅仅是假期、放纵或恶习；它对于大脑来说就像维生素D对身体一样不可或缺……[闲散]矛盾地是完成任何工作所必需的，”他论证道。
定位线索：题干“According to Newport, idleness”对应答案句“idleness is necessary to getting any work done”；文中“necessary to getting any work done”对应选项D“an essential factor in accomplishing any work”。
解析：题干问纽波特认为闲散是什么，答案句直接引用纽波特的话“idleness is necessary to getting any work done”，即闲散是完成工作的必要条件，与选项D“完成任何工作的关键因素”同义。选项A“忙碌人群的理想心理状态”文中未提；选项B“身体健康的主要贡献者”是维生素D的比喻，非闲散本身；选项C“节省时间和精力的有效方式”文中未提，属于无中生有。
39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused.
- A. can result in psychological well-being
- B. can bring about greater efficiency
- C. is aimed at better balance in work
- D. is driven by task urgency
答案：B
答案句：Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.
参考译文：哈佛医学院精神病学助理教授斯里尼·皮莱认为，休息与生产力之间这种反直觉的联系可能源于我们大脑的运作方式。当我们的大脑在专注和放松任务之间切换时，它们往往更高效。
定位线索：题干“Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused”对应答案句“When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient”；文中“tend to be more efficient”对应选项B“can bring about greater efficiency”。
解析：题干问皮莱认为大脑在专注和放松之间切换会怎样，答案句明确指出“they tend to be more efficient”，即更高效，与选项B“能带来更高效率”一致。选项A“导致心理健康”文中未提；选项C“旨在工作更好平衡”文中未提；选项D“由任务紧迫性驱动”文中未提，均属于无中生有。
40. This text is mainly about.
- A. ways to relieve the tension of busy life
- B. approaches to getting more done in less time
- C. the key to eliminating distractions
- D. the cause of the lack of focus time
答案：B
答案句：To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work” – the ability to focus without distraction. … There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work – be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. … Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day – in particular how we craft our to-do lists. … In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy”.
参考译文：为了对抗把忙碌看得过重的陷阱，《深度工作：在分心世界中专注成功的规则》一书的作者卡尔·纽波特建议养成“深度工作”的习惯——即不受干扰地专注的能力。 … 掌握深度工作艺术有多种方法——无论是专门针对特定任务的长时间静修；培养日常惯例；还是采取“新闻式”方法，在一天中尽可能抓住深度工作的时刻。 … 另一种在更短时间内完成更多事情的方法是重新思考你如何安排一天的优先事项——特别是我们如何制定待办事项清单。 … 为了充分利用我们的专注力和精力，我们还需要拥抱休息时间，或者正如纽波特所建议的那样，“偷懒”。
定位线索：题干“mainly about”问主旨→首段提出“deep work”习惯，第2段“approaches to mastering the art of deep work”，第4段“Another approach to getting more done in less time”，末段“make the most of our focus and energy”均围绕提高效率的方法；文中“approaches”“getting more done in less time”对应选项B“approaches to getting more done in less time”。
解析：题干问全文主旨。首段引出“深度工作”概念，第2段列举多种方法，第4段提出“另一种在更短时间内完成更多事情的方法”，末段强调利用专注力和精力，全文围绕如何在更短时间内完成更多事情展开，选项B是对此的概括。选项A“缓解忙碌生活压力”范围过窄，文中未强调“压力”；选项C“消除分心的关键”偷换概念，文中是“应对分心”而非“消除”；选项D“缺乏专注时间的原因”答非所问，文中未探讨原因。