In the past, it was a luxury for most Chinese people to own a private car. Nowadays, private cars can be seen everywhere in China. Cars have become an indispensable part of people's daily life; they not only drive to and from work but also often drive out for trips. In some cities, the number of cars grows so fast that traffic congestion and a shortage of parking spaces have become increasingly serious, so the municipal governments have to introduce new rules to limit the number of cars on the road. Due to the worsening air pollution, more and more people now choose to buy new energy vehicles, and the Chinese government has also taken some measures to support the development of new energy vehicles.
逐句译法
1. 过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈的事。
参考译法：In the past, it was a luxury for most Chinese people to own a private car.
主干：用 it was a luxury 立主干，把"拥有车"挪到后面（主语策略：形式主语it）中文主语其实是动作短语 拥有一辆私家车，直接拿动名词作主语（Owning a private car was...）也可，但更稳的英文骨架是形式主语 it：It was a luxury for most Chinese people to own a private car——it 作形式主语、was a luxury 作表语、真正主语 to own a private car 后置。
语法点：- 时态本句以 过去 开头，讲的是过去的状况，偏离全篇现在时基调，谓语用一般过去时 was。 - 单复数与冠词"一辆私家车"是泛指其中任意一辆，用 a private car（单数加不定冠词）；"大部分中国人"指人群，用 most Chinese people（复数、不加 the，泛指）。 - 用词"奢侈的事"用名词 a luxury 最地道；不要译成 a luxurious thing 这类中式堆砌。
降级处理："对大部分中国人而言"降级为 for 介词短语对大部分中国人而言 不是主干成分，降级成介词短语 for most Chinese people，插在 luxury 之后、to own 之前：a luxury for most Chinese people to own a private car，自然嵌进句子，不必单独成句。
2. 如今，私家车在中国随处可见。
参考译法：Nowadays, private cars can be seen everywhere in China.
主干：private cars 作主语，are commonly seen 作谓语（主语策略：原句主语）本句主语就是 私家车，直接拿来作英文主语 Private cars；"随处可见"是被"看见"，谓语用被动 are commonly seen / can be seen everywhere，主干为 Private cars are commonly seen。
参考译法：Cars have become an indispensable part of people's daily life; they not only drive to and from work but also often drive out for trips.
主干：前后两套主谓：Cars have become...；people drive...（主语策略：原句主语）本句含两个意群：前半 汽车成了人们生活中不可或缺的一部分 以 Cars 为主语、have become a part 为谓语；后半 他们不仅开车上下班，还经常驾车出游 以 people（他们）为主语、drive 为谓语。两套主谓宜拆成两句或用分号/连接，不要塞进一个主语。
语法点：- 时态"成了"含"从过去到现在已然如此"的完成意味，用现在完成时 have become 最贴切；后半叙述当下习惯性行为，回指基调用一般现在时 drive。 - 单复数与冠词"不可或缺的一部分"用 an essential/indispensable part（part 单数加 an）；"人们的生活"用 people's daily life。 - 用词搭配"上下班"用 to and from work；"出游"用 drive out for trips / take trips by car，不要直译成 drive to play。
降级处理："不仅……还……"用 not only...but also 并列两个动作后半 不仅开车上下班，还经常驾车出游 是"不仅 A 还 B"结构，用 not only...but also 连接两个并列谓语：not only drive to and from work but also often drive out for trips。"开车上下班"= drive to and from work，"驾车出游"= drive out for trips / on trips。
参考译法：In some cities, the number of cars grows so fast that traffic congestion and a shortage of parking spaces have become increasingly serious, so the municipal governments have to introduce new rules to limit the number of cars on the road.
主干：前段 cars grow so fast；后段 governments have to introduce rules（主语策略：原句主语）本句两套核心主干：有些城市的汽车增长速度过快 以 the number of cars（或 cars）为主语、grows so fast 为谓语；这些城市的市政府不得不出台新规 以 the municipal governments 为主语、have to introduce new rules 为谓语。中间 交通拥堵和停车位不足的问题日益严峻 用 so...that 结果状语从句承接前段。
语法点：- 时态陈述当下普遍现状，回指基调用一般现在时：grows / has become / have to。 - 主谓一致与单复数the number of cars 作主语视为单数，谓语用 grows；"交通拥堵和停车位不足"两个问题用 traffic congestion and a shortage of parking spaces，parking spaces 复数；"这些城市的市政府"用 municipal governments 复数。 - 搭配用词"出台新规"用 introduce/issue new rules；"上路汽车"用 cars on the road；"不得不"用 have to / be forced to。
降级处理："过快以至于"用 so...that；"限制数量"用 to do 目的状语增长速度过快，以至于……问题日益严峻 用 so fast that... 把因果包成一个结果状语从句；限制上路汽车的数量 是出台新规的目的，降级为不定式 to limit the number of cars on the road 作目的状语，挂在 introduce new rules 之后，不另起句。
参考译法：Due to the worsening air pollution, more and more people now choose to buy new energy vehicles, and the Chinese government has also taken some measures to support the development of new energy vehicles.
主干：前段 more people choose to buy；后段 the government has taken measures（主语策略：原句主语）两套主干：越来越多的人选择购买新能源汽车 以 more and more people 为主语、choose to buy 为谓语；中国政府也采取了一些措施 以 the Chinese government 为主语、has taken some measures 为谓语。句首 由于空气污染日益严重 是原因状语，句末 支持新能源汽车的发展 是采取措施的目的。
语法点：- 时态"现在越来越多的人选择"是当下现状用一般现在时 choose；"政府采取了一些措施"含"已采取并仍有效"用现在完成时 has taken。 - 主谓一致more and more people 复数，谓语 choose（不加 s）；the Chinese government 单数，谓语用 has taken。 - 搭配用词"采取措施"固定搭配 take measures；"支持……的发展"用 support the development of...；"新能源汽车"沿用 glossary 定的 new energy vehicles。
降级处理："由于"用 Due to/As 原因状语；"支持……发展"用 to do 目的状语由于空气污染日益严重 用介词短语 Due to the worsening air pollution 或从句 As air pollution becomes increasingly serious 作原因状语置句首；支持新能源汽车的发展 是政府采取措施的目的，降级为 to support the development of new energy vehicles，挂在 has taken some measures 之后。
词汇与译名提示
私家车统一译为 private cars（泛指这一类车用复数；特指某一辆时用 a private car）。它在 拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈的事 与 私家车在中国随处可见 中反复出现，全篇必须只用 private car(s) 一种译法，不要时而 personal car 时而 private vehicle 地换。
新能源汽车统一译为 new energy vehicles（缩写 NEVs，是约定俗成的官方/媒体通用译法），泛指用复数。它在 越来越多的人选择购买新能源汽车 与 支持新能源汽车的发展 中两次出现，全篇统一用 new energy vehicles，不要换成 new-energy cars 或 clean energy cars 等不一致写法。
新规出台新规 译为 introduce/issue new rules（或 new regulations），"出台"用 introduce/issue 而非中式的 come out。本词只此一处，但固定一个搭配可避免临场乱凑。
第1、2句之间：靠 In the past 与 Nowadays 形成今昔对照两句本是 过去 与 如今 的鲜明对比，译文已用句首 In the past 与 Nowadays 各自标出时间，对照自然成立，无需再补转折词；只要保证前句过去时、后句现在时，反差就读得出来。
第4句内部：用 so 显出"增长过快→政府出台新规"的因果增长速度过快 与 市政府不得不出台新规 之间是因果，定稿在两套主干间补 so（...have become increasingly serious, so the municipal governments...），把中文隐含的因果关系显化，避免两句各自为政。
第5句：用 also 承接政府与民众两方的并行举措中国政府也采取了一些措施 中的"也"提示这是与"民众选择买新能源车"并行的另一方动作，译文用 and the Chinese government has also taken... 中的 also 承接，体现"民众、政府两头同向发力"的信息流。