46. What did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and .tobacco?
- A. They were profitable to manufacture.
- B. They were in ever-increasing demand.
- C. They were subject to taxation almost everywhere.
- D. They were no longer considered necessities of life.
答案：C
答案句：“Sugar, alcohol and tobacco,” economist Adam Smith once wrote,“ are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation.”
参考译文：经济学家亚当·斯密曾写道：“糖、酒精和烟草，这些商品绝非生活必需品，却已成为几乎普遍消费的对象，因此，它们是极受欢迎的征税对象。”
定位线索：题干“Adam Smith”→答案句取自第1段“Adam Smith once wrote”；文中“extremely popular subjects of taxation”对应选项C“subject to taxation almost everywhere”（几乎到处都被征税）。
解析：题干问亚当·斯密对糖、酒精和烟草的看法。答案句直接引用斯密的话，指出这些商品“是极受欢迎的征税对象”，即它们几乎到处都被征税，对应C项。A项“制造有利可图”无中生有；B项“需求不断增长”偷换概念，原文是“几乎普遍消费”而非“不断增长”；D项“不再被视为生活必需品”曲解原文，原文说“绝非生活必需品”，并非“不再被视为”。
49. What is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty?
- A. Replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients.
- B. Setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products.
- C. Investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers' needs.
- D. Adjusting the physical composition of their products.
答案：D
答案句：More recently, however, some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.
参考译文：然而，最近一些公司一直在投资一项更雄心勃勃的事业：学习如何调整所售食品的基本构成。例如，把盐放在外面而里面不放盐，可以在不改变味道的情况下降低盐含量。
定位线索：题干“more recent effort by food companies”→答案句取自第6段“More recently...some companies have been investing money”；文中“adjust the fundamental make-up of the food”对应选项D“Adjusting the physical composition of their products”（调整产品的物理构成）。
解析：题干问食品公司为让食品和饮料既健康又美味所做的更近期努力。答案句指出“最近一些公司投资学习如何调整所售食品的基本构成”，即调整产品的物理构成，对应D项。A项“用替代成分替换糖或盐”是过去30年的做法，不是“更近期”的，答非所问；B项“设定产品中糖或盐的限量”无中生有；C项“投资研究以适应消费者需求”偷换概念，原文是调整食品构成，不是适应消费者需求。