46. What do people generally believe about aging?
- A. It should cause no alarm whatsoever.
- B. They just cannot do anything about it.
- C. It should be regarded as a kind of disease.
- D. They can delay it with advances in science.
答案：B
答案句：“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can't control,” he said. … “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.”
参考译文：“现在，人们认为衰老是自然的，是你无法控制的事情，”他说。“在学术界，人们把衰老研究仅仅当作一个可以尝试开发干预措施的感兴趣领域。医学界也认为衰老是理所当然的，除了让人们保持在一定的健康范围内，对此无能为力。”
定位线索：题干“What do people generally believe about aging?”→答案句取自第3段“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can't control”；文中“something you can't control”对应选项B“They just cannot do anything about it”。
解析：题干问人们普遍对衰老的看法，答案句直接引用Alex Zhavoronkov的话“people think of aging as natural and something you can't control”，即人们认为衰老无法控制，与选项B“他们对此无能为力”同义。选项A“不应引起任何警觉”无中生有，文中未提及；选项C是Alex的观点而非普遍看法；选项D“用科学进步延缓”文中未提及。因此选B。
47. How do many scientists view aging now?
- A. It might be prevented and treated.
- B. It can be as risky as heart disease.
- C. It results from a vitamin deficiency.
- D. It is an irreversible biological process.
答案：A
答案句：On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.
参考译文：另一方面，科学家们越来越多地了解到，衰老和生物学年龄是两回事，前者是心脏病、癌症等许多疾病的关键风险因素。从这个角度来看，衰老本身可能被视为可治疗的东西，就像治疗高血压或维生素缺乏一样。
定位线索：题干“How do many scientists view aging now?”→答案句取自第2段“scientists are increasingly learning... aging itself might be seen as something treatable”；文中“treatable”对应选项A“It might be prevented and treated”。
解析：题干问科学家现在如何看待衰老，答案句明确指出科学家认为衰老“might be seen as something treatable”，即可以治疗，与选项A“可能被预防和治疗”对应。选项B“和心脏病一样危险”偷换概念，文中说衰老是心脏病等的风险因素，而非同样危险；选项C“由维生素缺乏导致”是类比，非事实；选项D“不可逆的生物学过程”与原文“treatable”矛盾。因此选A。
48. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease”?
- A. It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.
- B. It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.
- C. It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.
- D. It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.
答案：D
答案句：Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments. … “It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical(制药的)industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said.
参考译文：生物物理学家Alex Zhavoronkov认为衰老应被视为一种疾病。他说，将衰老描述为一种疾病会激励人们开发治疗方法。“它解开了制药行业的束缚，使他们能够开始治疗这种疾病，而不仅仅是治疗副作用，”他说。
定位线索：题干“What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of 'describing aging as a disease'?”→答案句取自第3-4段“describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments”和“unties the hands of the pharmaceutical industry so that they can begin treating the disease”；文中“creates incentives to develop treatments”和“begin treating the disease”对应选项D“It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging”。
解析：题干问Alex对“将衰老描述为疾病”的看法，答案句说他认为这“creates incentives to develop treatments”并“unties the hands of the pharmaceutical industry so that they can begin treating the disease”，即激励制药业开发治疗方法，与选项D“激励医生和药剂师找到治疗衰老的方法”对应。选项A“促使人们更认真对待衰老”文中未提；选项B“帮助减少衰老副作用”与原文“not just the side effects”矛盾；选项C“解放药剂师摆脱传统观念”偷换概念，原文是“unties the hands”指解除束缚，非“free pharmacists from beliefs”。因此选D。
50. What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?
- A. The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.
- B. Aging is hardly separable from disease.
- C. Few people can live up to the age of 92.
- D. Heart disease is the major cause of aging.
答案：A
答案句：Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them. … “Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”
参考译文：加州大学旧金山分校教授Leonard Hayflick说，衰老可以治愈的想法意味着人类寿命可以延长，一些研究人员认为这是可能的。Hayflick不在其中。“即使这些死亡原因被消除，预期寿命也不会超过92岁太多。”
定位线索：题干“What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?”→答案句取自第7-8段“Hayflick is not among them”和“life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years”；文中“not among them”和“not go much beyond 92 years”对应选项A“The human lifespan cannot be prolonged”。
解析：题干问Hayflick教授的观点，答案句先说他认为衰老可治愈意味着寿命可延长，但“Hayflick is not among them”，即他不认为可能；后文又说即使消除死亡原因，寿命也不会超过92岁太多，说明他认为寿命无法大幅延长，与选项A“人类寿命无法延长”对应。选项B“衰老与疾病难以分离”与原文“aging is separate from their disease”矛盾；选项C“很少有人活到92岁”曲解原文，原文说预期寿命不会超过92岁，非“很少有人活到”；选项D“心脏病是衰老的主要原因”无中生有。因此选A。