48. What did the researchers discover about most ducklings from their experiment?
- A. They could associate shape with color.
- B. They reacted quickly to moving objects.
- C. They preferred colored objects to colorless ones.
- D. They could tell whether the objects were the same.
答案：D
答案句：The researchers found that about 70% of the ducklings preferred to move toward the pair of objects that had the same shape or color relationship as the first objects they saw. A duckling that was first shown two green spheres, in other words, was more likely to move toward a pair of blue spheres than a mismatched pair of orange and purple spheres.
参考译文：研究人员发现，约70%的小鸭更喜欢移向与它们最初看到的物体具有相同形状或颜色关系的物体对。换句话说，一只最初看到两个绿色球体的小鸭，更可能移向一对蓝色球体，而不是一对不匹配的橙色和紫色球体。
定位线索：题干“most ducklings”对应答案句“about 70% of the ducklings”；文中“had the same shape or color relationship”对应选项D“They could tell whether the objects were the same”；文中“preferred to move toward”对应选项D“could tell”。
解析：题干问大多数小鸭在实验中的发现，答案句指出70%的小鸭偏好与最初看到的物体具有相同形状或颜色关系的物体对，说明它们能辨别物体是否相同，对应选项D。选项A“将形状与颜色关联”无中生有，选项B“对移动物体反应迅速”偷换概念，选项C“偏好彩色物体”无中生有。
49. What was novel about the experiment in the study reported in Science?
- A. The animals used received no training.
- B. It used a number of colors and shapes.
- C. It was conducted by experimental psychologists.
- D. The ducklings were compared with other animals.
答案：A
答案句：Previous studies have suggested that other animals, including pigeons, dolphins, honeybees and some primates (灵长类动物), can discern same from different, but only after extensive training. Adding ducklings to the list—particularly untrained newborn ducklings—suggests that the ability to compare abstract concepts “is far more necessary to a wider variety of animals' survival than we previously thought,” Dr. Martinho said.
参考译文：先前的研究表明，包括鸽子、海豚、蜜蜂和一些灵长类动物在内的其他动物能够辨别相同与不同，但只有在经过大量训练之后。马丁霍博士说，将小鸭——尤其是未经训练的新生小鸭——加入这个名单，表明比较抽象概念的能力“对更多种类动物的生存来说，比我们之前认为的更为必要”。
定位线索：题干“novel about the experiment”对应答案句“particularly untrained newborn ducklings”；文中“untrained”对应选项A“The animals used received no training”；文中“Previous studies...but only after extensive training”对比突出“novel”。
解析：题干问实验中新颖之处，答案句对比先前研究需要大量训练，而本实验使用未经训练的新生小鸭，因此新颖之处在于动物未接受训练，对应选项A。选项B“使用多种颜色和形状”无中生有，选项C“由实验心理学家进行”不是新颖点，选项D“将小鸭与其他动物比较”无中生有。
50. What do we learn from Dr. Wasserman's comment on the study of animal minds at the end of the passage?
- A. It is getting more and more intricate.
- B. Research methods are being updated.
- C. It is attracting more public attention.
- D. Remarkable progress is being made.
答案：D
答案句：It's clear from this study and others like it that “animals process and appreciate far more of the intricacies in their world than we've ever understood,” Dr. Wasserman said. “We are in a revolutionary phase in terms of our ability to understand the minds of other animals.”
参考译文：沃瑟曼博士说：“从这项研究和其他类似研究中可以清楚地看到，动物处理和欣赏它们世界中的复杂性的程度远超我们以往的理解。就我们理解其他动物心智的能力而言，我们正处于一个革命性阶段。”
定位线索：题干“Dr. Wasserman's comment”对应答案句“Dr. Wasserman said”；文中“revolutionary phase”对应选项D“Remarkable progress is being made”；文中“far more...than we've ever understood”对应选项D“Remarkable progress”。
解析：题干问从沃瑟曼评论中学到什么，答案句指出我们正处于理解动物心智的“革命性阶段”，且动物处理复杂性的程度远超我们理解，这对应选项D“正在取得显著进展”。选项A“变得越来越复杂”偷换概念，选项B“研究方法正在更新”无中生有，选项C“吸引更多公众关注”无中生有。