Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points)
Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.
音乐对不同的人意味着不同的东西，有时甚至对同一个人在其生命的不同时刻也意味着不同的东西。它可能是诗意的、哲学的、感性的或数学的,但无论如何,在我看来,它必须与人类的灵魂有某种联系。因此它是形而上的;但表达的手段却纯粹且完全是物理的:声音。我相信,正是这种通过物理手段传递形而上信息的永恒共存构成了音乐的力量。这也是为什么当我们试图用语言描述音乐时,我们所能做的只是表达我们对它的反应,而无法把握音乐本身。
Beethoven's importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention.
贝多芬在音乐中的重要性主要由其作品的革命性所界定。他使音乐从迄今为止盛行的和声与结构惯例中解放出来。有时我在他的晚期作品中感受到一种打破所有连续性迹象的意志。音乐是突兀的、看似不连贯的,
(46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.
如同最后一首钢琴奏鸣曲。在音乐表达上,他不受传统惯例的束缚。据各方记载,他是一个思想自由的人,也是一个勇敢的人,而我认为勇气是理解他的作品的必备品质,更不用说演奏它们了。
This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven's music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics.
这种勇敢的态度实际上成为贝多芬音乐演奏者的一项要求。他的作品要求演奏者展现勇气,例如在力度运用方面。贝多芬惯于以极强的力度增大音量,然后突然接以柔和的乐段,这在他之前的作曲家中很少使用。
Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.
贝多芬在最广泛意义上是一个深具政治意识的人。他对日常政治不感兴趣,但关心道德行为问题以及影响整个社会的更宏大的是非问题。尤其重要的是他对自由的看法,对他而言,自由与个人的权利和责任相关联:他倡导思想自由和个人表达自由。
Beethoven's music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word.
贝多芬的音乐倾向于从混乱走向秩序,仿佛秩序是人类存在的当务之急。对他来说,秩序并非源于遗忘或忽视困扰我们存在的无序;秩序是一种必要的发展,一种可能通向希腊精神升华理想的改进。《葬礼进行曲》不是《英雄交响曲》的最后乐章而是第二乐章,这并非偶然,因此苦难并没有成为最后的话语。人们可以这样诠释贝多芬的许多作品:苦难不可避免,但与之抗争的勇气使生命值得活下去。
(48)Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.
(49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.
(50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.
(46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.
参考译文：这也正是为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们所能做的只是把自己对音乐的感受表达出来，而无法真正把握音乐本身。
(47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.
参考译文：据大家所说，他是一个思想自由的人，也是一个勇敢的人；而我认为，勇气是理解他的作品所必不可少的一种品质，更不用说演奏他的作品了。
(48) Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.
参考译文：贝多芬习惯于以极强的力度增大音量，随即又突然转入一个骤然轻柔的乐段，这种手法在他之前的作曲家中极少被采用。
(49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.
参考译文：尤为重要的是他对自由的看法。对他而言，这种自由观与个人的权利和责任紧密相关：他主张思想自由和个人表达的自由。
(50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.
参考译文：人们可以这样解读贝多芬的大部分作品：苦难是不可避免的，但与苦难抗争的勇气却使生命变得值得度过。
逐句解析 句前 (N) 即考卷划线句题号，与卷面下划线句一一对应——满分 10 分、每句约 2 分，阅卷把每句切成意群按采 分点给分（★ 为采分点意群）。 【来源】The New York Review of Books（《纽约书评》）2013年4月4日一篇题为 Beethoven and the Quality of Courage（贝多芬与勇气）的文章。 【主旨】音乐的本质，及贝多芬其人其乐为何需要"勇气" 全文是一篇由演奏家口吻写的随笔：前半谈音乐"形而上的内涵借纯物质的声音表达"这一悖论 this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music，后半以此为底座评价贝多芬——他革新音乐、思想自由、关心道德与自由， 其音乐"从混乱走向秩序"。作者态度是欣赏、推崇 Beethoven's importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions。这个基调决定了划线句 里 courage、freedom、suffering 等词都取褒义、庄重义，不可译得轻飘。
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