Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points)
英文原文与参考译文
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;
One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a "still point of the turning world," to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one's relation to one's environment. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.
(46)yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. (48)The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such.
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. In them we can see biophilia – a yearning for contact with nonhuman life – assuming uncanny representational forms.
(49)most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.
(50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a "liberated" sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
划线句与参考译文
(46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
采分点解析:【意群】yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless,(时间状语从句
(yet 承接转折))★采分→然而,当人们看着那些由无家可归者建造的花园的照片时,
难点:yet 转折 + one 泛指 + created by 后置定语
yet 在 yet when one looks at the photographs 处承接上文「不只是创作冲动」的转折,必须
译出「然而 / 但是」。one 是泛指代词,译成「人们 / 我们」而非「一个人」。created by the
homeless 是过去分词后置定语修饰 gardens,汉化时要前移:「无家可归者建造的花园」。
it strikes one that,(主句主干(形式主语 it + that 从句真主语))★采分→(这件事)使人突然意
识到,
难点:it strikes one that… 固定句型
it strikes one that 是 It strikes sb. that… 句型,意为「某人突然意识到 / 猛然发觉 / 不禁感
到」,it 是形式主语,真正主语是后面的 that 从句。主体考生常误译为「它击打某人」,应直
接套用固定译法。
for all their diversity of styles,(让步状语(插入语))★采分→尽管它们的风格各异,
难点:for all 的让步含义(熟词僻义)
for all their diversity of styles 中的 for all 不是「为了所有」,而是 in spite of / despite,意
为「尽管」。这是高频熟词僻义考点,主体考生常因望文生义而译反。their 回指 these
gardens(无家可归者的花园)。
these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges,(that 从句主干)★采分→这些花园诉
说着各种其他基本的冲动,
难点:speak of 的拟人译法 + urges 的语境义
these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges 中 speak of 直译「谈到」不通,
需借拟人化译「诉说 / 透露 / 反映 / 折射出」。fundamental urges 在本文语境是「深层的 /
根本的人类冲动(需求)」,呼应主旨。these gardens 须回指明确为「这些(无家可归者建造
的)花园」。
beyond that of decoration and creative expression.(介词短语作定语(限定 urges))→超越装饰
与创作性表达(之冲动)的(那些冲动)。
难点:that 的回指 = the urge
beyond that of decoration and creative expression 中的 that 回指前面的 urge(单数代指类
别),等于 the urge of decoration and creative expression。汉化时不必硬译「那种」,可
直接合并为「除了装饰与创作性表达之外的(其他基本冲动)」。
【调序】形式主语后置 + 插入语前置
本句需调序的两处:1 it strikes one that 形式主语,按汉语先因后果习惯,把 when 从句作「时
间状语」放最前,再说「使人不禁感到」;2 for all their diversity of styles 这一让步插入语,汉
化时提前到 that 从句主语之前,组成「尽管…,这些花园却…」的让步结构,比夹在中间通顺。整
体语序:当…时,使人不禁感到,尽管…,这些花园却反映出…。
(47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.
采分点解析:【意群】A sacred place of peace,(主干主语)★采分→一处神圣的宁静之地,
难点:sacred 的语境取义
A sacred place of peace 中 sacred 直译「神圣的」在中文里偏宗教感,结合上文 a 'still point
of the turning world' 的语境,可保留「神圣的」以传达精神层面的庄重,也可视行文柔和处理
为「一片可寄托心灵的宁静之地」。主体考生取保守译法「神圣的宁静之地」即可,不必弱化。
however crude it may be,(让步状语从句(插入语))★采分→无论它可能多么简陋,
难点:however + 形容词 + 主语 + may be 的让步结构 + crude 取义
however crude it may be 是 no matter how + adj. 让步从句,译「无论 / 不管…多么…」。
crude 在此不是「粗鲁」,而是「粗陋 / 简陋 / 原始」,指花园外形简朴;it 回指 a sacred
place of peace。这是熟词僻义典型考点。
is a distinctly human need,(主干系表)★采分→是一种明显属于人类的需求,
难点:distinctly 的程度副词译法 + human 与 animal 的对照伏笔
is a distinctly human need 中 distinctly 不是「清楚地」,而是「明显地、独特地、有别于他
物地」,强调「这是人才有、动物没有」。译「明显属于人类的」「人类独有的」皆可,但需为
下文的 as opposed to shelter 留出对照感。
as opposed to shelter,(对比状语(与主语对照))★采分→不同于(仅是)遮蔽之所,
难点:as opposed to 的对比译法
as opposed to shelter 中 as opposed to 等于 in contrast to,译「与…相对 / 不同于 / 相
反」。shelter 在本文不是「避难所」的宗教 / 政治含义,而是上文对照下「动物性需求的遮蔽
(之所)」,可直接译为「遮蔽之所 / 栖身之所」,呼应下文 the latter 回指。
which is a distinctly animal need.(非限制性定语从句(修饰 shelter))★采分→(遮蔽之所)则
是一种明显属于动物的需求。
难点:which 非限制性定语 + 与主句对照
which is a distinctly animal need 中 which 指代 shelter,非限制性定语从句汉化时不能用
「…的」前置(会破坏对照),应译成独立分句「它(遮蔽之所)则是一种明显属于动物的需
求」,与主句的「明显属于人类的需求」形成对偶。
【调序】让步从句前置 + 非限定从句独立成句
本句调序两点:1 however crude it may be 插在主谓之间,按汉语习惯提到主语之后或主谓之
前,译成「无论它多么简陋」作主语的状语修饰;2 which is a distinctly animal need 非限制性
定语从句不能压成「…的」前置定语(会和主句对照失衡),应译为独立分句「它(遮蔽之所)则
是…的需求」,与主句构成「人 vs 动物」的对照。
(48) The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such.
采分点解析:【意群】The gardens of the homeless,(主干主语)★采分→无家可归者的花园,
难点:the homeless 的术语统一
The gardens of the homeless 中 the homeless 是 the + 形容词指一类人,意为「无家可归者
(群体)」。本词在 46、48 两句都出现,必须前后一致译「无家可归者」,不要忽而「流浪
者」、忽而「露宿者」。
which are in effect homeless gardens,(非限制性定语从句(修饰主语))★采分→(这些花园)
实际上是无家的花园,
难点:in effect 的语境义 + homeless 的双关
which are in effect homeless gardens 中 in effect 不是「在效果上」,而是「实际上、事实
上」。homeless gardens 是作者借词形成的双关——原本 homeless 修饰 people,此处转修
饰 gardens,意为「无家的(无所归属的)花园」,呼应这些花园建在街头空地、无固定归属的
处境。译时可保留「无家的花园」的奇妙感,或加注「无固定归属」,但不要直译成「无家可归
的花园」(不通中文)。
introduce form into an urban environment(主干谓宾)★采分→把形式(秩序)引入城市
环境,
难点:form 的抽象名词具体化
introduce form into an urban environment 中 form 是抽象名词,直译「形式」太空洞,结
合上文 Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one's relation
to one's environment 的 structuring(结构化),form 在此意为「秩序 / 结构 / 形态」。汉
化时建议译「形态 / 秩序」或并列「形式与秩序」,让读者明白指的是「让环境有章可循」。
where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such.(where 引导的定语从句(修饰
environment))★采分→在那里它(秩序 / 形态)要么不存在,要么无法被识别为这样的
(秩序 / 形态)。
难点:where 关系副词 + it 的指代回还原 + as such 取义
where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such 中:where 引导定语从句修饰
urban environment,译「在那里 / 那种」;it 回指上句的 form(秩序),必须还原成「秩序
/ 形态」再译,不能留作「它」让读者猜;as such 意为「作为这样的东西(即秩序)」,整句
意为「秩序原本要么不存在,要么虽存在但难以辨认出是秩序」。这里 it 的回指还原是采分点中
最容易丢分之处。
【调序】where 定语从句独立成句 + 双 not 分译
本句调序两点:1 where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such 这种带 either…
or… 双重否定的 where 定语从句较长,硬译成「…的城市环境」会头重脚轻;按汉语习惯独立成句
「在那里,秩序要么不存在,要么虽存在但无法辨认」;2 which are in effect homeless
gardens 非限制性定语从句短,可前置压缩为「实际上是无家的花园」作主语同位语。整体语序:
无家可归者的花园(实际上就是无家的花园),把秩序引入城市环境;在那里,秩序原本要么…
要么…。
(49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.
采分点解析:【意群】most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit(主干(主谓宾))★采分→我们大多数人会向
一种精神上的颓丧屈服,
难点:give in to + 抽象名词 demoralization 的具体化
most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit 中 give in to 意为「屈服于 / 向…让步 / 陷
入」;demoralization 抽象名词,根据语境(被剥夺绿色、植物、树木)应具体化为「颓丧 /
沮丧 / 萎靡」。整块译「我们大多数人就会陷入一种精神上的颓丧」更顺。主体考生易把 give
in to 误译为「放弃 / 承认」。
which we usually blame on some psychological conditions,(限制性定语从句(修饰
demoralization))★采分→(这种颓丧)我们通常将之归咎于某种心理状态,
难点:blame A on B 的方向 + 被动语序的汉化
which we usually blame on some psychological conditions 中 blame A on B 意为「把 A
归咎于 B」,主体考生常方向译反(误成「心理状态怪我们」)。which 指代上文
demoralization。conditions 在心理学语境是「状况 / 问题」,不是「条件」——这是熟词僻
义。汉化时按「它 / 这种颓丧」独立成句,避免长前置定语。
until one day we find ourselves in a garden(时间状语从句)★采分→直到有一天我们发现自己
置身于一座花园之中,
难点:until 与 find oneself in… 的处理
until one day we find ourselves in a garden 中 until 在汉语里习惯译成两个分句的转折「直
到…才…」,而非紧贴主句。find oneself in… 习惯译「发现自己(不知不觉)置身于…」,传达
「无意中走进」的偶然感。
and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.(时间状语从句的并列分句)★采分→并感到那种
压抑(仿佛)魔法般地消失了。
难点:feel + 宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式 + oppression 的语境化 + as if by magic
feel the oppression vanish as if by magic 是 feel + 宾语 + 不带 to 的动词原形(感官动词宾
补)结构。oppression 在此不是政治「压迫」,而是上文 demoralization 的呼应——「(精
神上的)压抑 / 抑郁感」。as if by magic 意为「仿佛被施了魔法似的 / 魔法般地」,是固定短
语。整句译「感到那种压抑仿佛被施了魔法般消失了」。
【调序】限制定从拆独立 + until 转折成句 + 不定式宾补合并
本句调序三处:1 which we usually blame on some psychological conditions 限制定从拆成独
立分句「我们通常将这种颓丧归咎于某种心理状况」;2 until one day we find ourselves in a
garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic 译「直到有一天…,我们才…」的「直
到…才…」句式,比直接接续更顺;3 feel the oppression vanish as if by magic 感官动词宾补
合并为「感到那种压抑仿佛被施了魔法般地消失」。
(50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a "liberated" sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
采分点解析:【意群】It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden,
(强调句主干(It is … that … 结构))★采分→正是这种对自然的暗指或明指,充分证明了使用
「花园」这个词是合理的,
难点:It is…that… 强调句识别 + this 的回指 + justifies 取义 + reference 的语境义
It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word
garden 是 It is X that Y 强调句,强调的是 X(this implicit or explicit reference to
nature),译「正是…才…」。this 回指上文 a clumplike arrangement of materials, an
introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves
as well as of stuffed animals 这一连串自然意象。reference to nature 意为「对自然的指涉 /
指向」,不是「参考文献」。justifies 意为「证明…合理 / 为…提供正当性」,不是「调整 / 对
齐」——这是熟词僻义重点。
though in a "liberated" sense,(让步状语(插入语))★采分→尽管是在一种「被解放了的」意
义上,
难点:though 短语让步 + liberated 的引号义
though in a "liberated" sense 中 though + 介词短语 等于 though it is in a liberated
sense,是让步插入语。liberated 加引号是作者自创 / 借用义,指「摆脱了『花园』一词原本严
格定义(必有植物种植)的束缚」,可译「宽泛的 / 放宽了的 /『被解放的』」。建议译「尽管
是在一种『放宽了的』意义上」或保留引号「被解放的」以传达作者的措辞自觉。
to describe these synthetic constructions.(不定式短语作目的状语(修饰 the use of the word
garden))★采分→(用「花园」这个词)来描述这些人工搭建之物。
难点:to describe 的归属 + synthetic constructions 的语境义
to describe these synthetic constructions 中 to describe 不是修饰最近的 sense,而是回归
修饰 the use of the word garden,意为「用『花园』一词去描述…」。these synthetic
constructions 回指上文 the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth
the spirit of plant and animal life 中的 compositions 与无家可归者的花园——「这些人
工(合成)搭建之物 / 作品」。synthetic 取「人造的 / 合成的 / 拼凑而成的」,不是「综
合的」。
【调序】强调句「正是…才…」 + 让步插入语前置 + 不定式状语前移
本句调序三处:1 强调句 It is X that Y 整体译「正是 X 才 Y」,符合汉语强调语序;2 though
in a "liberated" sense 让步插入语可前置到主句之前或主句之中作让步分句「尽管是在一种『放宽
了的』意义上」;3 to describe these synthetic constructions 不定式目的状语后置在汉语里也
通,但若与「花园一词」距离较远,可前移到「花园一词」之后:「使用『花园』这个词(来描述
这些人工搭建之物)」。
说明
逐句解析 句前 (N) 即考卷划线句题号,与卷面下划线句一一对应——满分 10 分、每句约 2 分,阅卷把每句切成意群按采 分点给分(★ 为采分点意群)。 【来源】斯坦福大学教授罗伯特·波格·哈里森(Robert Pogue Harrison)的著作《花园∶论人之为 人》(Gardens∶ An Essay on the Human Condition)中的"无家而园"(Homeless Gardens)部分。 【主旨】无家可归者的花园折射出人类深层的基本需求 全文以「花园」为切口,论证它不只是装饰与创作冲动的产物,更回应了人对宁静、秩序与自然的 根本渴求。开篇即点明 gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify,随后笔锋一转,借由 the gardens created by the homeless 引出「还有别的更基 本的冲动」这一主旨;第二、三段分别落到「宁静之地」与「与自然接触」,作者态度温和肯定、 带人文关怀。整篇基调决定了下面译 urge / need / sacred / composure 等词时,应统一取「人 类深层的基本需求」这一语义底色,而不是表层的「冲动/需要」。