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2020年英语一 翻译

题型:翻译来源:2020年英语一 翻译

题目要求

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points)

英文原文与参考译文

Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.

在14世纪佛罗伦萨被称为文艺复兴的创造力爆发之后,现代世界看到了与过去的决裂。它从上帝和罗马天主教会的权威中转向,转而青睐一种更加人文主义的存在方式。文艺复兴思想一直传播到整个欧洲直至17世纪,艺术和科学在那些更具逻辑倾向的人群中异常繁荣。随着教会的教义和思维方式被文艺复兴所取代,中世纪与现代时期之间的鸿沟得以弥合,从而通向全新且未经探索的智识领域。

During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. 在文艺复兴时期,Nicolaus Copernicus、Johannes Kepler和Galileo Galilei等伟大思想家展示了科学研

究和发现的力量。在他们各自的启示之前,当时的许多思想家一直维持着更古老的思维方式,包括地球位于宇宙中心的地心说观点。Copernicus在1543年提出理论,认为我们所知的所有行星并非围绕地球旋转,而是

(46)with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories. (47)Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.

围绕太阳旋转,这一体系后来由Galileo以自身为代价加以支持。在科学与宗教思想高度紧张的时期提出这样的理论被视为异端,任何继续传播这些谎言的异端者都将受到监禁甚至死刑的惩罚。

It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.

尽管教会试图压制这新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者,关于宇宙如何运作的更多解释正在以人们无法再忽视的速度产生。正是凭借这些伟大的启示,一种建立在理性基础上的新型哲学诞生了。

The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century.

教会长期以来的教条正在与理性主义者和科学家争夺真理的伟大战役中失利。这一事实本身体现了席卷17世纪大部分时期欧洲的新思维方式。随着许多人承担起将推理和科学哲学融入世界的责任,文艺复兴结束了,一个新时代到来了——理性时代。

The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay "An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?" It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.

17世纪和18世纪是激进变革和好奇心的时代。科学方法、还原论以及对教会理念的质疑应当受到鼓励,自由、宽容和进步的思想也是如此。这些寻求知识并理解我们已知信息的行动被拉丁短语'sapereaude'或'勇于求知'所概括,这源于Immanuel Kant在其论文《何为启蒙?》中使用了这一短语。伟大思想家的目的和责任是前行并寻求真理,而他们相信真理建立在知识之上。

(48)Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.

(49)As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.

(50)Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase 'sapere aude' or 'dare to know',

划线句与参考译文

(46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.

参考译文:随着教会的教义与思维方式被文艺复兴所遮蔽,中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合,从而通向崭新而未经探索的知识领域。

采分点解析:【意群】with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,(with 引导的独 立主格作状语)★采分→随着教会的教义与思维方式被文艺复兴所遮蔽, 难点:eclipse 熟词僻义+with 状语结构 eclipse 名词义是『日/月食』,此处作动词是僻义『使黯然失色、遮蔽、盖过』,结合主旨 It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church 应取『被遮蔽/被盖过/ 黯然失色』。整块是 with + 名词 + 过去分词 的独立主格,表伴随背景,译成『随着…… 被……』即可。 the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged(主句(被动))★采分→ 中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟已被弥合 难点:bridge 名→动+被动汉化 bridge 此处是动词『弥合、架起桥梁、衔接』,had been bridged 是过去完成被动。被动直译 『被弥合』略生硬,可保留『被弥合』或转无主句『弥合了……鸿沟』。Medieval 译『中世 纪』,与 modern『现代』对照。 leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.(现在分词作结果状语)★采分→通向崭新 而未经探索的知识领域。 难点:intellectual territories 抽象名词具体化 lead to 『导向、通往』;territories 本义『领土』,与 intellectual 搭配是比喻义『(知识/智 识的)领域、疆域』。unexplored『未被探索的』。整块译『从而通向崭新而未经探索的知识/ 思想领域』,把抽象的『智识疆域』具体化为『知识领域』更通顺。 【调序】with 状语提前、被动转『已』字句 汉语习惯把背景状语放句首,所以 with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance 这段『随着……』直接领起全句;主句 had been bridged 的被动用『已被弥 合』或转主动『弥合了』;句尾 leading to 的结果状语顺势接『从而通向……』。整体顺序与英文 基本一致,只需把被动柔化。

(47) Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.

参考译文:在哥白尼等人各自做出这些发现之前,当时许多思想家一直沿袭着更为古老的思维方式,其中就包括认为地球处于宇宙中心的地心说观点。

采分点解析:【意群】Before each of their revelations,(时间状语)★采分→在他们各自的发现/揭示之前, 难点:their 跨句回指+revelation 取义 their 句内无先行词,须回上句还原:指 Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei 这三位。revelation 本义带宗教色彩『启示』,此处语境是科学发现,取『发现/揭示/重 大发现』。译时可点明为『在哥白尼等人各自做出这些发现之前』,把 their 还原。 many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking,(主句(过去完成))★ 采分→当时许多思想家一直沿袭着更为古老的思维方式, 难点:sustain 熟词僻义 sustain 常见义『维持、支撑、遭受』,此处宾语是 ways of thinking,取『坚持、沿袭、保 持』。had sustained 过去完成表『此前一直……』。more ancient『更古老的』,more 是比 较级修饰,译『更为古老』。 including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.(including 介词 短语+that 同位语从句)★采分→包括地球处于宇宙中心的地心说观点。 难点:geocentric 术语+that 同位语从句 geocentric view『地心说/地心观』(geo-地+centric 中心)。关键:that the Earth was at the centre... 不是定语从句,而是 view 的同位语从句(that 后是完整句、解释 view 的内 容),译成『……这一观点』,把 that 从句内容前置到 view 之前作其内容。 【调序】同位语从句前置作 view 的内容 geocentric view that... 中,that 从句是 view 的内容,按汉语习惯把内容提到『观点』前面: 『地球处于宇宙中心的地心说观点』。其余顺序(时间状语在前、主干居中、举例在后)与中文一 致,无需大动。

(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.

参考译文:尽管教会试图压制这一代新兴的逻辑学家和理性主义者,但关于宇宙如何运行的解释仍被不断提出,其势头之快,人们再也无法忽视。

采分点解析:【意群】Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, (Despite 引导的让步状语)★采分→尽管教会试图压制这一代新兴的逻辑学家和理性主义者, 难点:Despite 让步+this 跨句回指+名词化 attempts Despite『尽管』引导让步。attempts...to suppress 是名词化结构,译时还原成动作『试图压 制』更顺。this new generation 的 this 承上文,指第2、3段被教会迫害的那批科学家/理性思 考者,落实为『这一代新兴的……』即可。logicians 逻辑学家、rationalists 理性主义者。 more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made(主句(过去进行被动)) ★采分→越来越多关于宇宙如何运行的解释正被不断提出, 难点:were being made 进行被动+how 从句作定语 were being made 是过去进行被动『正在被做出/提出』,译时宜转主动或无主句『(人们)不 断提出』。for how the universe functioned 是介词 for + how 引导的名词性从句,作 explanations 的定语,译『关于宇宙如何运行的(解释)』前置。function 此处是动词『运 行、运转』。 at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.(方式状语+that 定语从句)★采分→其速度之 快是人们再也无法忽视的。 难点:at a rate that... 定语从句+程度含义 at a rate『以一种……的速度/势头』,that 引导定语从句修饰 rate(that 后 ignore 缺宾语,故 为定语从句)。直译『以一种人们无法再忽视的速度』偏翻译腔,可拆译为『其势头/速度之 快,人们再也无法忽视』,把后置定语转成一个小分句。no longer『不再、再也不』。 【调序】让步前置+定语从句后拆分句 Despite 让步状语提到句首『尽管……』;主句被动转主动『(人们)不断提出越来越多……解 释』;句尾 at a rate that the people could no longer ignore 的较长定语从句,不前置成『以 一种人们无法忽视的速度』(生硬),改后置拆成小分句『其势头之快,人们再也无法忽视』。

(49) As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.

参考译文:随着许多人担起将理性与科学哲学融入世界的责任,文艺复兴宣告结束,一个新时代到来了——这就是理性时代。

采分点解析:【意群】As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world,(As 引导的时间/原因状语从句)★采分→随着许多人担起将理性与科学哲学融入世界的 责任, 难点:As 多义+many 名词性+take on/integrate 搭配 As 此处取『随着、当……时』(表伴随/时间),不是『因为』也不是『像』。many 单独作主 语=『许多人』(承上文那批理性思考者)。take on the duty『承担/担起责任』,integrate A into B『把 A 融入 B』。reasoning 译『推理/理性思维』,与全文 reason 术语呼应。 the Renaissance was over(并列主句一)★采分→文艺复兴结束了, 难点:be over 短语 be over『结束、终结』,是固定搭配而非『在……上方』。Renaissance 与全文统一译『文艺复 兴』。此块直白,仅提示别把 over 当方位词。 and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.(并列主句二+破折号同位)★采分→新时代 到来了——理性时代。 难点:it was time for 句型+破折号同位语 it was time for...『是……的时候了/……到来了』,it 是形式主语,不必译出。破折号后 the Age of Reason 是 a new era 的同位语(破折号常引出解释/同位),译时保留破折号或用『即』: 『一个新时代——理性时代』。 【调序】As 从句前置+破折号同位语保留 As 状语从句按汉语习惯放句首作『随着……』;两个并列主句顺译『文艺复兴结束了,一个新时代 到来了』;破折号后 the Age of Reason 作 a new era 的同位语,保留破折号补充说明『——理 性时代』,或译『即理性时代』。整体语序与英文一致。

(50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase 'sapere aude' or 'dare to know',

参考译文:这些寻求知识、理解我们已经掌握的信息的行动,被拉丁语短语'

采分点解析:【意群】Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew(主语 (含两个 to do 定语+what 宾语从句))★采分→这些寻求知识、理解我们已知信息的行动 难点:such 回指+两个 to do 作定语+what 从句 Such actions 的 such 承上文,指 Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged 等求知行为,译『这类/这些行动』即可。两个 to seek...和 to understand...是并列不定式作 actions 的定语,前置译『寻求知识、理解……的(行 动)』。what information we already knew 是 understand 的宾语从句『我们已经知道的 信息』。 were captured by the Latin phrase 'sapere aude' or 'dare to know',(谓语(被动)+by 短语)★ 采分→被拉丁语短语 'sapere aude' 即 'dare to know'(敢于求知)所概括, 难点:capture 熟词僻义+被动+or 表同义 capture 常见义『捕获、俘虏』,此处主语是抽象的 actions、宾语是 phrase,取僻义『概括、 凝练、表达』——『被……短语所概括/凝练』。were captured by 被动可转主动『……短语概 括了这些行动』。or 在此非『或者』,而是引出对拉丁文的英文释义『即/也就是』,dare to know=『敢于求知/敢于认知』。 【调序】被动转主动+两个 to do 定语前置 主语里两个 to do 不定式作定语,提到 actions 前译『寻求知识、理解……的这些行动』;谓语 were captured by 的被动转主动『……这一拉丁语短语概括了这些行动』,或保留『被……所概 括』。被动转主动后句子更像中文表达。

说明

逐句解析 句前 (N) 即考卷划线句题号,与卷面下划线句一一对应——满分 10 分、每句约 2 分,阅卷把每句切成意群按采 分点给分(★ 为采分点意群)。 【来源】Age of Enlightenment: Discover the Philosophical Movement That Triggered Innovation, Revolution and Change 第一章 Background中的第二节 Dare to Know: Explore the Enlightenment came to be的开头部分。 【主旨】文艺复兴催生理性时代,教会权威让位于科学与理性 全篇是一条思想史时间线:文艺复兴的创造力让世界 turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church,转向更人文、更讲逻辑的态度;接着哥白尼、开普勒、伽利略用科学冲 击教会,最终 the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason。 作者态度是肯定理性、科学的进步,对教会的压制持批判倾向。这条「教会权威衰落、理性崛起」 的基调,是判断全篇褒贬词(如把 eclipse、suppress 往『压制/遮蔽』译)的语境底座。

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