Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points)
Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.
在14世纪佛罗伦萨被称为文艺复兴的创造力爆发之后,现代世界看到了与过去的决裂。它从上帝和罗马天主教会的权威中转向,转而青睐一种更加人文主义的存在方式。文艺复兴思想一直传播到整个欧洲直至17世纪,艺术和科学在那些更具逻辑倾向的人群中异常繁荣。随着教会的教义和思维方式被文艺复兴所取代,中世纪与现代时期之间的鸿沟得以弥合,从而通向全新且未经探索的智识领域。
During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. 在文艺复兴时期,Nicolaus Copernicus、Johannes Kepler和Galileo Galilei等伟大思想家展示了科学研
究和发现的力量。在他们各自的启示之前,当时的许多思想家一直维持着更古老的思维方式,包括地球位于宇宙中心的地心说观点。Copernicus在1543年提出理论,认为我们所知的所有行星并非围绕地球旋转,而是
(46)with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories. (47)Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.
围绕太阳旋转,这一体系后来由Galileo以自身为代价加以支持。在科学与宗教思想高度紧张的时期提出这样的理论被视为异端,任何继续传播这些谎言的异端者都将受到监禁甚至死刑的惩罚。
It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.
尽管教会试图压制这新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者,关于宇宙如何运作的更多解释正在以人们无法再忽视的速度产生。正是凭借这些伟大的启示,一种建立在理性基础上的新型哲学诞生了。
The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century.
教会长期以来的教条正在与理性主义者和科学家争夺真理的伟大战役中失利。这一事实本身体现了席卷17世纪大部分时期欧洲的新思维方式。随着许多人承担起将推理和科学哲学融入世界的责任,文艺复兴结束了,一个新时代到来了——理性时代。
The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay "An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?" It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.
17世纪和18世纪是激进变革和好奇心的时代。科学方法、还原论以及对教会理念的质疑应当受到鼓励,自由、宽容和进步的思想也是如此。这些寻求知识并理解我们已知信息的行动被拉丁短语'sapereaude'或'勇于求知'所概括,这源于Immanuel Kant在其论文《何为启蒙?》中使用了这一短语。伟大思想家的目的和责任是前行并寻求真理,而他们相信真理建立在知识之上。
(48)Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.
(49)As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.
(50)Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase 'sapere aude' or 'dare to know',
(46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.
参考译文:随着教会的教义与思维方式被文艺复兴所遮蔽,中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合,从而通向崭新而未经探索的知识领域。
(47) Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.
参考译文:在哥白尼等人各自做出这些发现之前,当时许多思想家一直沿袭着更为古老的思维方式,其中就包括认为地球处于宇宙中心的地心说观点。
(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.
参考译文:尽管教会试图压制这一代新兴的逻辑学家和理性主义者,但关于宇宙如何运行的解释仍被不断提出,其势头之快,人们再也无法忽视。
(49) As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.
参考译文:随着许多人担起将理性与科学哲学融入世界的责任,文艺复兴宣告结束,一个新时代到来了——这就是理性时代。
(50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase 'sapere aude' or 'dare to know',
参考译文:这些寻求知识、理解我们已经掌握的信息的行动,被拉丁语短语'
逐句解析 句前 (N) 即考卷划线句题号,与卷面下划线句一一对应——满分 10 分、每句约 2 分,阅卷把每句切成意群按采 分点给分(★ 为采分点意群)。 【来源】Age of Enlightenment: Discover the Philosophical Movement That Triggered Innovation, Revolution and Change 第一章 Background中的第二节 Dare to Know: Explore the Enlightenment came to be的开头部分。 【主旨】文艺复兴催生理性时代,教会权威让位于科学与理性 全篇是一条思想史时间线:文艺复兴的创造力让世界 turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church,转向更人文、更讲逻辑的态度;接着哥白尼、开普勒、伽利略用科学冲 击教会,最终 the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason。 作者态度是肯定理性、科学的进步,对教会的压制持批判倾向。这条「教会权威衰落、理性崛起」 的基调,是判断全篇褒贬词(如把 eclipse、suppress 往『压制/遮蔽』译)的语境底座。
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