26. Recruiting more first-generation students has.
- A. reduced their dropout rates
- B. narrowed the achievement gap
- C. missed its original purpose
- D. depressed college students
答案：C
答案句：But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
参考译文：但是，由于这些学生如果能在高等教育中取得成功，最有可能在经济上取得进步，因此学院和大学几十年来一直推动招收更多这样的学生。这造成了一个“悖论”，因为招收第一代学生，然后看着他们中的许多人失败，意味着高等教育“继续复制和扩大，而不是缩小”基于社会阶层的成就差距，根据即将发表在《心理科学》杂志上的一篇论文令人沮丧的开头。
定位线索：题干“Recruiting more first-generation students”→答案句“recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail”；文中“continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close”对应选项C“missed its original purpose”（未达到缩小差距的初衷）。
解析：题干问招收更多第一代学生导致了什么。答案句明确指出，招收这些学生但看着他们失败，意味着高等教育“继续复制和扩大，而不是缩小”成就差距，即没有达到原本缩小差距的目的，因此C正确。A项“降低辍学率”与原文“dropout rates are higher”矛盾；B项“缩小差距”与原文“widen, rather than close”相反；D项“使学生沮丧”无中生有。
27. The authors of the research article are optimistic because.
- A. their findings appeal to students
- B. the recruiting rate has increased
- C. the problem is solvable
- D. their approach is costless
答案：C
答案句：But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.
参考译文：但这篇文章实际上相当乐观，因为它概述了这个问题的一个潜在解决方案，表明一种方法（涉及一个一小时、几乎零成本的项目）可以缩小第一代学生和其他学生之间63%的成就差距（以成绩等因素衡量）。
定位线索：题干“optimistic”→答案句“quite optimistic”；文中“outlines a potential solution”和“can close 63 percent of the achievement gap”对应选项C“the problem is solvable”（问题可解决）。
解析：题干问作者乐观的原因。答案句直接说明文章乐观是因为它概述了潜在解决方案，且该方法能缩小63%的差距，即问题可解决，因此C正确。A项“发现吸引学生”无中生有；B项“招生率提高”未提及；D项“方法零成本”虽是事实，但不是乐观的根本原因，且“costless”与原文“next-to-no-cost”有程度差异。
28. The study suggests that most first-generation students.
- A. are from single-parent families
- B. study at private universities
- C. are in need of financial support
- D. have failed their college
答案：C
答案句：Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.
参考译文：大多数第一代学生（59.1%）是佩尔助学金的获得者，这是一项针对有经济需求的本科生的联邦助学金，而父母中至少有一人拥有四年制学位的学生中，这一比例仅为8.6%。
定位线索：题干“most first-generation students”→答案句“Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent)”；文中“recipients of Pell Grants”和“financial need”对应选项C“are in need of financial support”（需要经济支持）。
解析：题干问研究显示大多数第一代学生如何。答案句指出59.1%的第一代学生是佩尔助学金获得者，而该助学金是给有经济需求的学生的，因此可推出他们需要经济支持，C正确。A项“来自单亲家庭”无中生有；B项“在私立大学学习”虽原文提到“private university”，但那是研究地点，并非所有第一代学生；D项“已大学失败”与原文“completed the project”矛盾。
29. The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students.
- A. may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
- B. are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
- C. can have a potential influence on other students
- D. are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
答案：B
答案句：Their thesis – that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact – was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.
参考译文：他们的论点——相对适度的干预可能产生巨大影响——基于这样一种观点：第一代学生最缺乏的可能不是潜力，而是关于如何处理大多数大学生面临的问题的实用知识。
定位线索：题干“believe that first-generation students”→答案句“first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge”；文中“practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues”对应选项B“are inexperienced in handling their issues at college”（缺乏处理大学问题的经验）。
解析：题干问论文作者认为第一代学生如何。答案句明确说他们最缺乏的不是潜力，而是处理大学生常见问题的实用知识，即缺乏经验，因此B正确。A项“缺乏申请研究项目的机会”无中生有；C项“对其他学生有潜在影响”曲解“potential”；D项“对差距漠不关心”与原文“lacking insight”不符。
30. We may infer from the last paragraph that.
- A. universities often reject the culture of the middle-class
- B. students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
- C. social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
- D. colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
答案：D
答案句：And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. “Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’ can improve.”
参考译文：当大学不谈论不同学生群体的阶级优势和劣势时，这就成了更大的问题。“因为美国学院和大学很少承认社会阶级如何影响学生的教育经历，许多第一代学生缺乏对自己为何挣扎的洞察力，也不理解‘像他们这样的’学生如何能提高。”
定位线索：题干“infer from the last paragraph”→答案句取自末段“colleges don’t talk about”和“seldom acknowledge”；文中“colleges...seldom acknowledge”对应选项D“colleges are partly responsible for the problem”（大学对问题负有部分责任）。
解析：题干要求从末段推断。末段指出，大学不谈论阶级差异、很少承认社会阶级的影响，导致第一代学生缺乏洞察力，问题加剧。由此可推断大学对这个问题负有部分责任，因此D正确。A项“大学拒绝中产阶级文化”曲解“navigate the middle-class culture”；B项“学生应受责备”与原文归因于大学不符；C项“社会阶级有助于丰富教育经历”与原文“affect”中性表述不符，且“greatly enrich”程度过重。