31. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would.
- A. ease the competition of man vs. machine
- B. highlight machines’ threat to human jobs
- C. provoke a painful technological revolution
- D. outmode our current economic structure
答案：B
答案句：The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.
参考译文：人与机器对抗的概念至少和工业革命一样古老，但这一现象在经济衰退和脆弱复苏时期往往感受最为强烈。
定位线索：题干“According to the first paragraph, economic downturns”→答案句取自第1段“this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns”；文中“most acutely felt”对应选项B“highlight machines' threat to human jobs”（强调机器对人类工作的威胁）。
解析：题干问经济衰退会怎样，答案句指出人机对抗现象在经济衰退时感受最强烈，即机器对工作的威胁被凸显，对应B项。A项“ease”与原文“acutely felt”矛盾；C项“painful technological revolution”无中生有；D项“outmode our economic structure”偷换概念，原文说机器淘汰工作而非经济结构。
32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that.
- A. technology is diminishing man’s job opportunities
- B. automation is accelerating technological development
- C. certain jobs will remain intact after automation
- D. man will finally win the race against machine
答案：A
答案句：Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we cannot immediately foresee. … This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT’s Center for Digital Business.
参考译文：由于技术对吞噬人类工作有着永不满足的胃口，这一现象将继续以我们无法立即预见的方式重构我们的经济。……这一论点通过埃里克·布林约尔松和安德鲁·麦卡菲合著的《与机器赛跑》一书的成功引起了广泛关注，两人都来自麻省理工学院数字商业中心。
定位线索：题干“The authors of Race Against the Machine argue”→答案句取自第1-2段“technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs”及“This argument”指代前文；文中“eating up human jobs”对应选项A“technology is diminishing man's job opportunities”（技术正在减少人类的工作机会）。
解析：题干问《与机器赛跑》作者的观点，答案句先提出技术吞噬人类工作的论点，随后指出该书作者使该论点受到关注，即他们持此观点，对应A项。B项“automation accelerating technological development”因果颠倒；C项“jobs will remain intact”与原文“eating up human jobs”矛盾；D项“man will finally win”无中生有。
33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often.
- A. performed by innovative minds
- B. scripted with an individual style
- C. standardized without a clear target
- D. designed against human creativity
答案：D
答案句：Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized” ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity”. In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.
参考译文：哈格尔说，我们在美国设计的工作往往是“严格脚本化”和“高度标准化”的，没有给“个人主动性或创造力”留下任何空间。简而言之，这些是机器能比人类做得更好的工作类型。
定位线索：题干“Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often”→答案句取自第4段“we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be 'tightly scripted' and 'highly standardized' ones that leave no room for 'individual initiative or creativity'”；文中“leave no room for individual initiative or creativity”对应选项D“designed against human creativity”（设计上违背人类创造力）。
解析：题干问哈格尔认为美国工作通常如何，答案句指出这些工作“严格脚本化”“高度标准化”，且没有给个人主动性或创造力留空间，即设计上不利于人类创造力，对应D项。A项“performed by innovative minds”与原文相反；B项“scripted with an individual style”偷换概念，原文是“tightly scripted”而非个人风格；C项“without a clear target”无中生有。
34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed.
- A. the predictability of machine behavior in practice
- B. the formula for how work is conducted efficiently
- C. the ways machines replace human labor in modern times
- D. the necessity of human involvement in the workplace
答案：D
答案句：As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.
参考译文：正如哈格尔所指出的，布林约尔松和麦卡菲确实在书中提到了这一点。我们需要将“与机器赛跑”重新定义为“与机器一起赛跑”。换句话说，我们需要关注机器如何增强人类劳动而非取代它的方式。
定位线索：题干“According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed”→答案句取自末段“Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point”及“machines can augment human labor rather than replace it”；文中“augment human labor”对应选项D“the necessity of human involvement in the workplace”（人类参与工作场所的必要性）。
解析：题干问布林约尔松和麦卡菲讨论了什么，答案句指出他们提到机器应增强而非取代人类劳动，即强调人类参与的必要性，对应D项。A项“predictability of machine behavior”答非所问，原文说机器设计用于可预测活动但非该书讨论重点；B项“formula for how work is conducted”是哈格尔的观点而非该书内容；C项“ways machines replace human labor”与原文“rather than replace it”矛盾。
35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?
- A. How to Innovate Our Work Practices?
- B. Machines Will Replace Human Labor
- C. Can We Win the Race Against Machines?
- D. Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations
答案：C
答案句：The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. … We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.
参考译文：人与机器对抗的概念至少和工业革命一样古老，但这一现象在经济衰退和脆弱复苏时期往往感受最为强烈。……我们需要将“与机器赛跑”重新定义为“与机器一起赛跑”。换句话说，我们需要关注机器如何增强人类劳动而非取代它的方式。
定位线索：题干“most appropriate title”→答案句取自首段主题句“man versus machine”及末段总结句“reframe race against the machine as race with the machine”；文中“race against the machine”对应选项C“Can We Win the Race Against Machines?”（我们能赢得与机器的赛跑吗？）。
解析：题干问最佳标题，文章首段提出人机对抗主题，末段提出重新定义赛跑关系，全文围绕能否及如何应对机器挑战展开，C项以问句形式概括核心议题。A项“How to Innovate Our Work Practices?”范围过窄，仅涉及哈格尔部分观点；B项“Machines Will Replace Human Labor”过于绝对，与原文“augment rather than replace”矛盾；D项“Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations”偏离主题，经济衰退仅是引入背景。