36. By saying “to find silver linings” (Line 1, Para. 2) the author suggests that the jobless try to ____.
- A. seek subsidies from the government
- B. make profits from the troubled economy
- C. explore reasons for the unemployment
- D. look on the bright side of the recession
答案：D
答案句：No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others.
参考译文：没有人比失业者更努力地在这次全国性经济灾难中寻找一线希望。许多人说，失业虽然极其痛苦，但在某些方面改善了他们的生活：他们变得不那么物质化，在经济上更加谨慎；他们更加意识到他人的挣扎。
定位线索：题干“to find silver linings”→答案句“find silver linings in this national economic disaster”；文中“silver linings”（一线希望）对应选项D“look on the bright side”（看到光明面）；文中“improved them”“less materialistic”“more financially prudent”体现积极面。
解析：题干问“to find silver linings”的含义，答案句直接给出该短语，并随后用“improved them”“less materialistic”“more financially prudent”等积极描述说明失业者看到的是困境中的好处，即“一线希望”，对应选项D“look on the bright side of the recession”。选项A“seek subsidies”（寻求补贴）无中生有，文中未提及政府补贴；选项B“make profits”（获利）程度过重，文中仅说“improved”而非获利；选项C“explore reasons”（探索原因）答非所问，文中未提及失业原因。
37. According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people _____.
- A. struggle against each other
- B. realize the national dream
- C. challenge their prudence
- D. reconsider their lifestyle
答案：D
答案句：Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.
参考译文：许多人说，失业虽然极其痛苦，但在某些方面改善了他们的生活：他们变得不那么物质化，在经济上更加谨慎；他们更加意识到他人的挣扎。在有限的方面，也许经济衰退会让社会变得更好。至少，它把我们从对轻松致富和更大房子的全国性狂热梦想中唤醒，并给一个鲁莽的个人消费时代画上了必要的句号。
定位线索：题干“According to Paragraph 2”→答案句取自第2段“they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent”“awoken us from our national fever dream”；文中“awoken us from our national fever dream”对应选项D“reconsider their lifestyle”（重新考虑生活方式）；文中“less materialistic”“more financially prudent”体现生活方式改变。
解析：题干问经济衰退让人们怎样，答案句指出人们“become less materialistic and more financially prudent”（变得不那么物质化、更谨慎），并被“awoken from our national fever dream”（从狂热梦想中唤醒），这些都属于对生活方式的重新思考，对应选项D“reconsider their lifestyle”。选项A“struggle against each other”（互相争斗）无中生有，文中未提及；选项B“realize the national dream”（实现国家梦想）偷换概念，文中是“awoken from”（从...中醒来）而非实现；选项C“challenge their prudence”（挑战谨慎）与原文“more financially prudent”（更谨慎）相反。
38. Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may _____.
- A. impose a heavier burden on immigrants
- B. bring out more evils of human nature
- C. promote the advance of rights and freedoms
- D. ease conflicts between races and classes
答案：B
答案句：In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.
参考译文：在《经济增长的道德后果》中，经济历史学家本杰明·弗里德曼认为，在美国内外，长期的经济停滞或衰退几乎总是让社会变得更加狭隘、包容性更差，并且通常阻止或逆转权利和自由的进步。反移民情绪通常会加剧，种族和阶级之间的冲突也会加剧。
定位线索：题干“Benjamin Friedman believes”→答案句“Benjamin Friedman argues”；文中“more mean-spirited and less inclusive”（更狭隘、更不包容）对应选项B“bring out more evils of human nature”（暴露更多人性的邪恶）；文中“stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms”对应选项B中的负面含义。
解析：题干问本杰明·弗里德曼认为经济衰退可能怎样，答案句指出衰退使社会“more mean-spirited and less inclusive”（更狭隘、更不包容），并“stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms”（阻止或逆转权利和自由的进步），这些负面描述对应选项B“bring out more evils of human nature”（暴露更多人性的邪恶）。选项A“impose a heavier burden on immigrants”（给移民施加更重负担）偷换概念，文中说“Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases”（反移民情绪增加）而非负担；选项C“promote the advance of rights and freedoms”（促进权利和自由进步）与原文“stopped or reversed”（阻止或逆转）相反；选项D“ease conflicts between races and classes”（缓解种族和阶级冲突）与原文“conflict...increases”（冲突加剧）相反。
39. The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.
- A. lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities
- B. catch up quickly with experienced employees
- C. see their life chances as dimmed as the others'
- D. recover more quickly than the others
答案：D
答案句：The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.
参考译文：哥伦比亚大学经济学家蒂尔·冯·瓦赫特的研究表明，并非所有在衰退期毕业的人都会看到他们的人生机会变得暗淡：那些拥有精英大学学位的人会相当快地赶上他们如果在好时期毕业本应达到的位置；被甩在后面的是他们之下的普通大众。
定位线索：题干“research of Till Von Wachter”→答案句“The research of Till Von Wachter”；题干“graduates from elite universities”→答案句“those with degrees from elite universities”；文中“catch up fairly quickly”对应选项D“recover more quickly than the others”（比其他人恢复更快）；文中“it is the masses beneath them that are left behind”对应选项D中的“the others”。
解析：题干问精英大学毕业生在衰退中的表现，答案句明确指出他们“catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been”（相当快地赶上他们本应达到的位置），而“the masses beneath them that are left behind”（他们之下的普通大众被甩在后面），对比之下精英毕业生恢复更快，对应选项D“recover more quickly than the others”。选项A“lag behind the others”（落后于他人）与原文相反，精英毕业生是赶上而非落后；选项B“catch up quickly with experienced employees”（赶上经验丰富的员工）偷换概念，原文是“catch up to where they otherwise would have been”（赶上本应达到的位置），而非与经验丰富的员工比较；选项C“see their life chances as dimmed as the others'”（人生机会与他人一样暗淡）与原文“not all people...see their life chances dimmed”（并非所有人都暗淡）矛盾。
40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is _____.
- A. trivial
- B. positive
- C. certain
- D. destructive
答案：C
答案句：We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so the longer they extend.
参考译文：我们将不得不拭目以待，看看这些艰难时期将如何重塑我们的社会结构。但它们肯定会重塑它，而且持续的时间越长，重塑的程度就越大。
定位线索：题干“The author thinks”→答案句“But they certainly will reshape it”；文中“certainly”（肯定地）对应选项C“certain”（确定的）；文中“will reshape our social fabric”（将重塑社会结构）表明影响是确定的。
解析：题干问作者认为艰难时期对社会的影响如何，答案句用“certainly”（肯定地）明确表示“they certainly will reshape it”（它们肯定会重塑它），强调影响是确定的，对应选项C“certain”。选项A“trivial”（微不足道的）与原文“reshape our social fabric”（重塑社会结构）程度不符，重塑社会结构绝非微不足道；选项B“positive”（积极的）无中生有，作者未评价影响是积极的；选项D“destructive”（破坏性的）程度过重，作者只说“reshape”（重塑）而非“destroy”（摧毁），且未明确负面。