31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like.
- A. genes to be patentable
- B. the BIO to issue a warning
- C. their executives to be active
- D. judges to rule out gene patenting
答案：A
答案句：In 2010, a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades – by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated.
参考译文：2010年，一位联邦法官震撼了美国生物技术产业的核心。几十年来，公司一直为分离的DNA获得专利——到2005年，大约20%的人类基因已被申请专利。但在2010年3月，一位法官裁定基因不可申请专利。高管们极为不安。
定位线索：题干“It can be learned from Paragraph 1”→答案句取自第1段“Companies had won patents for isolated DNA”和“a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable”；文中“Companies had won patents”和“Executives were violently agitated”对应选项A“genes to be patentable”（公司希望基因可专利化）。
解析：题干问从第一段能得知生物技术公司希望什么。答案句显示公司过去几十年一直为基因申请专利，且当法官裁定基因不可专利时高管们“violently agitated”（极为不安），这强烈暗示公司希望基因可专利化，即选项A。选项B“BIO发出警告”无中生有，文中BIO只是安慰成员；选项C“高管们积极”偷换概念，文中是“agitated”而非“active”；选项D“法官排除基因专利”与公司愿望相反，答非所问。
32. Those who are against gene patents believe that.
- A. genetic tests are not reliable
- B. only man-made products are patentable
- C. patents on genes depend much on innovation
- D. courts should restrict access to genetic tests
答案：B
答案句：Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents’ monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad’s.
参考译文：批评者提出反对基因专利的三个主要论点：基因是自然的产物，因此不应被授予专利；基因专利抑制而非奖励创新；专利垄断限制了如Myriad公司那样的基因检测的可及性。
定位线索：题干“Those who are against gene patents believe”→答案句取自第3段“Critics make three main arguments against gene patents”；文中“a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented”对应选项B“only man-made products are patentable”（只有人造产品可专利，自然产物不可）。
解析：题干问反对基因专利的人相信什么。答案句明确列出批评者的第一个论点：基因是自然产物，所以不可专利，这直接对应选项B“只有人造产品可专利”。选项A“基因检测不可靠”无中生有，文中未提可靠性；选项C“基因专利依赖创新”与原文“suppress innovation”相反；选项D“法院应限制基因检测”偷换概念，原文说专利垄断“restrict access”，而非法院应限制。
33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for.
- A. discovering gene interactions
- B. establishing disease correlations
- C. drawing pictures of genes
- D. identifying human DNA
答案：A
答案句：Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for “connecting the dots,” explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.
参考译文：公司现在正在研究基因如何相互作用，寻找可能用于确定疾病原因或预测药物疗效的相关性。BIO的律师Hans Sauer解释说，公司渴望赢得“连接这些点”的专利。
定位线索：题干“According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for”→答案句取自第5段“Companies are eager to win patents for 'connecting the dots,' explains Hans Sauer”；文中“studying how genes interact”对应选项A“discovering gene interactions”（发现基因相互作用）。
解析：题干问根据Hans Sauer，公司渴望赢得什么专利。答案句指出公司正在“studying how genes interact”（研究基因如何相互作用），并渴望为“connecting the dots”赢得专利，这直接对应选项A“发现基因相互作用”。选项B“建立疾病相关性”是研究目的之一，但“connecting the dots”的核心是基因相互作用，且题干问的是“for”什么；选项C“绘制基因图谱”和选项D“识别人类DNA”均无中生有，文中未提。
34. By saying “Each meeting was packed” (Line 4, Para. 6), the author means that
- A. the supreme court was authoritative
- B. the BIO was a powerful organisation
- C. gene patenting was a great concern
- D. lawyers were keen to attend conventions
答案：C
答案句：The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.
参考译文：BIO最近举办了一次大会，其中包括培训律师了解专利格局变化的会议。每场会议都座无虚席。
定位线索：题干“By saying 'Each meeting was packed' (Line 4, Para. 6)”→答案句取自第6段“Each meeting was packed”；文中“packed”（挤满）对应选项C“gene patenting was a great concern”（基因专利问题备受关注）。
解析：题干问“Each meeting was packed”的含义。答案句前文提到BIO举办大会，培训律师了解专利格局变化，而“packed”意为“挤满人”，说明这些会议吸引了大量律师，反映出基因专利问题备受关注，即选项C。选项A“最高法院权威”和选项B“BIO强大”均与“packed”无直接关联；选项D“律师热衷于参加会议”是表面现象，但作者意图是强调基因专利问题的重要性，而非律师的兴趣。
35. Generally speaking, the author's attitude toward gene patenting is.
- A. critical
- B. supportive
- C. scornful
- D. objective
答案：D
答案句：In 2010, a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core. … But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. … Despite the appeals court’s decision, big questions remain unanswered. … As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact.
参考译文：2010年，一位联邦法官震撼了美国生物技术产业的核心。……但随着公司继续尝试个性化医疗，法院将保持相当忙碌。……尽管上诉法院作出了裁决，但重大问题仍未得到解答。……然而，随着行业的发展，其他诉讼可能产生更大的影响。
定位线索：题干“the author's attitude toward gene patenting”→答案句取自全文多处（第1段“shook...to its core”、第3段“courts will remain rather busy”、第4段“big questions remain unanswered”、第5段“other suits may have an even greater impact”）；文中这些中性描述对应选项D“objective”（客观的）。
解析：题干问作者对基因专利的态度。全文作者仅陈述事实：法官裁决、公司反应、批评者论点、法院忙碌、问题未解、未来诉讼，未表达个人支持或反对，语气客观中立，即选项D。选项A“批判的”和选项B“支持的”均无依据，作者未表态；选项C“轻蔑的”程度过重，文中无讽刺或贬低语气。