26. According to the first two paragraphs, alloparenting refers to the practice of ____
- A. sharing childcare among community members.
- B. assigning babies to specific adult caregivers.
- C. teaching parenting skills to older children.
- D. carrying infants around by their parents.
答案：A
答案句：The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults. Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and “baby-wearing”, in which infants are carried in slings, is considered the norm. … According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary, an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices, known as alloparenting, could lead to less anxiety for children and parents.
参考译文：这一观点基于对博茨瓦纳昆族等社区的研究，在那里每个孩子都由许多成年人照顾。年仅四岁的昆族儿童会帮助照顾更小的孩子，而且“背婴”（将婴儿放在背带中携带）被视为常态。……剑桥大学进化人类学家尼基尔·乔杜里博士表示，这些被称为“异亲养育”的做法可以减轻孩子和父母的焦虑。
定位线索：题干“alloparenting”→答案句“these practices, known as alloparenting”；文中“each child is cared for by many adults”“Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones”对应选项A“sharing childcare among community members”。
解析：题干问alloparenting指什么，答案句明确指出“these practices, known as alloparenting”，而“these practices”指代前文“each child is cared for by many adults”和“Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones”，即社区成员共同照顾孩子，对应A项。B项“assigning babies to specific adult caregivers”无中生有，文中未提及指定照顾者；C项“teaching parenting skills”偷换概念，文中是孩子帮忙照顾而非教学；D项“carrying infants around by their parents”范围缩小，背婴只是其中一种做法，且不限于父母。
27. The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrate ____
- A. an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication.
- B. an approach to integrating alloparenting into western society.
- C. the conventional parenting style in western culture.
- D. the differences between western and African ways of living.
答案：B
答案句：Dr Annie Swanepoel, a child psychiatrist, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life. In Germany, one scheme has paired an old people’s home with a nursery. The residents help to look after the children, an arrangement akin to alloparenting.
参考译文：儿童精神病学家安妮·斯瓦内普尔博士认为，有办法将这些做法融入西方生活。在德国，有一项计划将养老院与托儿所配对。居民们帮助照顾孩子，这种安排类似于异亲养育。
定位线索：题干“scheme in Germany”→答案句“In Germany, one scheme has paired an old people’s home with a nursery”；文中“incorporate them into western life”对应选项B“an approach to integrating alloparenting into western society”。
解析：题干问德国计划被提及是为了说明什么，答案句先给出观点“there are ways to incorporate them into western life”，随后举德国例子作为例证，说明该计划是将异亲养育融入西方生活的一种方式，对应B项。A项“facilitate intergenerational communication”偷换概念，文中未提代际沟通；C项“conventional parenting style”与原文相反，德国计划是创新而非传统；D项“differences between western and African ways”答非所问，例子重点在融合而非差异。
28. According to Paragraph 4, the “intensive mothering narrative” ____
- A. alleviates parenting pressure.
- B. consolidates family relationships.
- C. results in the child-centered family.
- D. departs from the course of evolution.
答案：D
答案句：In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history. This abrupt shift to an “intensive mothering narrative”, which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone, was likely to have been harmful.
参考译文：在《儿童心理学与精神病学杂志》发表的一篇论文中，研究人员表示，西方核心家庭是近期发明，与进化历史相悖。这种突然转向“密集型母职叙事”（即认为母亲应独自承担育儿责任）的做法很可能是有害的。
定位线索：题干“Paragraph 4”“intensive mothering narrative”→答案句取自第4段“This abrupt shift to an 'intensive mothering narrative'”；文中“broke with evolutionary history”对应选项D“departs from the course of evolution”。
解析：题干问“intensive mothering narrative”的特点，答案句指出它是“abrupt shift”，且前文说明核心家庭“broke with evolutionary history”，即这种叙事背离了进化历程，对应D项。A项“alleviates parenting pressure”与原文相反，文中说“likely to have been harmful”；B项“consolidates family relationships”无中生有；C项“results in the child-centered family”偷换概念，文中未提以孩子为中心。
29. According to Paragraph 6, what can we learn about the nurseries in the UK?
- A. They tend to fall short of official requirements.
- B. They have difficulty finding enough caregivers.
- C. They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio.
- D. They should try to prevent parental depression.
答案：C
答案句：An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers-this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.
参考译文：狩猎采集社会出生的婴儿可能有十多个照顾者——这与英国的托儿所环境形成鲜明对比，英国法规要求两至三岁儿童与照顾者的比例为四比一。
定位线索：题干“Paragraph 6”“nurseries in the UK”→答案句取自第6段“nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children”；文中“one carer to four children”对应选项C“improve their carer-to-child ratio”。
解析：题干问从第6段能了解英国托儿所的什么情况，答案句将狩猎采集社会“more than ten caregivers”与英国“one carer to four children”对比，暗示英国照顾者比例偏低，应提高比例，对应C项。A项“fall short of official requirements”无中生有，文中未说违反规定；B项“difficulty finding enough caregivers”过度推断，文中未提招聘困难；D项“prevent parental depression”答非所问，文中提到的是引入额外照顾者可减少抑郁，而非托儿所应防止父母抑郁。
30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
- A. Instructive Teaching: A Dilemma for Anxious Parents
- B. For a Happier Family, Learn from the Hunter-gatherers
- C. Mixed-age Playgroup, a Better Choice for Lonely Children
- D. Tracing the History of Parenting: from Africa to Europe
答案：B
答案句：Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children, researchers have suggested. … Dr Annie Swanepoel, a child psychiatrist, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life. … Chaudhary said that parents now have less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans’ evolutionary history, but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression, which could have a “knock-on” benefit to a child’s wellbeing.
参考译文：研究人员表示，从非洲狩猎采集者那里获得的育儿技巧可能是养育更快乐孩子的关键。……儿童精神病学家安妮·斯瓦内普尔博士认为，有办法将这些做法融入西方生活。……乔杜里表示，与人类进化史的大部分时期相比，现在的父母从家庭和社交网络获得的育儿支持更少，但引入额外的照顾者可以减轻压力和产后抑郁，这对孩子的健康有“连锁”益处。
定位线索：题干“best title”→首段“Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children”；文中“incorporate them into western life”“introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress”对应选项B“For a Happier Family, Learn from the Hunter-gatherers”。
解析：题干问最佳标题，首段提出核心观点：从狩猎采集者获得的育儿技巧是养育更快乐孩子的关键，随后各段围绕如何将这些做法融入西方生活展开，末段总结其益处，全文主旨是向狩猎采集者学习育儿以促进家庭幸福，对应B项。A项“Instructive Teaching”以偏概全，文中仅末段提及；C项“Mixed-age Playgroup”范围过窄，只是其中一个细节；D项“Tracing the History of Parenting”偷换概念，文章重点不是历史追溯而是借鉴实践。