36. The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to
- A. punish dubious corporate practices.
- B. improve traditional hiring procedures.
- C. exempt employers from certain duties.
- D. protect the rights of ordinary workers.
答案：D
答案句：Personal grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers from ”unjustified dismissals”. The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient safeguards for workers against arbitrary conduct by management. Long g
参考译文：个人申诉程序旨在保护普通工人的工作，使其免受“不公正解雇”的影响。其前提是，合同普通法缺乏足够的保障措施来保护工人免受管理层的任意行为。
定位线索：题干“The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to”→答案句取自第2段“Personal grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers”；文中“guard the jobs of ordinary workers”对应选项D“protect the rights of ordinary workers”。
解析：题干问ERA的个人申诉条款旨在做什么，答案句直接说明这些程序“designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers”，即保护普通工人的工作，与选项D“protect the rights of ordinary workers”（保护普通工人的权利）构成同义转述。选项A“punish dubious corporate practices”（惩罚可疑的公司行为）在原文中未提及，属于无中生有；选项B“improve traditional hiring procedures”（改进传统招聘程序）与原文讨论的解雇程序无关，答非所问；选项C“exempt employers from certain duties”（免除雇主的某些责任）与原文保护工人的目的相反，偷换概念。
37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that the provisions may
- A. hinder business development.
- B. undermine managers' authority.
- C. affect the public image of the firms.
- D. worsen labor-management relations.
答案：A
答案句：But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly paid managers and executives. As countless boards and business owners will attest, constraining firms from firing poorly performing, high-earning managers is a handbrake on boosting productivity and overall performance.
参考译文：但当这些条款适用于高薪经理和高管时，却给企业带来了困难。无数董事会和企业主都会证实，限制公司解雇表现不佳的高薪经理，是提高生产力和整体绩效的阻碍。
定位线索：题干“Paragraph 3”→答案句取自第3段“these provisions create difficulties for businesses”；文中“a handbrake on boosting productivity”对应选项“hinder business development”。
解析：题干问从第3段可以得知这些条款可能怎样，答案句指出这些条款“给企业带来困难”，并比喻为“提高生产力的手刹”，即阻碍企业发展，对应选项A。选项B“削弱经理权威”、C“影响公司公众形象”、D“恶化劳资关系”在原文中均未提及，属于无中生有。
38. Which of the following measures would the Productivity Commissionsupport?
- A. Imposing reasonable wage restraints.
- B. Enforcing employment protection laws.
- C. Limiting the powers of business owners.
- D. Dismissing poorly performing managers.
答案：D
答案句：Indeed, in “An International Perspective on New Zealand's Productivity Paradox” (2014), the Productivity Commission singled out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country's poor productivity growth record.
Nor are
参考译文：事实上，在《新西兰生产力悖论的国际视角》（2014年）中，生产力委员会指出管理能力低下是该国生产力增长记录不佳的一个原因。
定位线索：题干“Productivity Commission”→答案句“the Productivity Commission singled out the low quality of managerial capabilities”；文中“low quality of managerial capabilities”暗示应解雇表现不佳的经理，对应选项“Dismissing poorly performing managers”。
解析：题干问生产力委员会可能支持哪种措施，答案句指出委员会认为管理能力低下是生产力不佳的原因，隐含应改善管理质量，即解雇表现不佳的经理，对应选项D。选项A“施加合理工资限制”、B“执行就业保护法”、C“限制企业主权力”均与委员会的观点相反或无中生有。
39. What might be an effect of ERA'S unjustified dismissal procedures?
- A. Highly paid managers lose their jobs.
- B. Employees suffer from salary cuts.
- C. Society sees a rise in overall well-being.
- D. Employers need to hire new staff
答案：B
答案句：Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee, employers are more cautious about hiring new staff. This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment. And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.
参考译文：因为就业保护法使解雇员工成本更高，雇主在招聘新员工时更加谨慎。这使得边缘经理更难获得就业。而且公司支付给员工的工资更少，因为公司承担了雇佣安排出错的风险。
定位线索：题干“effect of ERA'S unjustified dismissal procedures”→答案句“firms pay staff less”；文中“pay staff less”对应选项“Employees suffer from salary cuts”。
解析：题干问ERA的不公正解雇程序可能产生什么影响，答案句明确指出“公司支付给员工的工资更少”，即员工遭受减薪，对应选项B。选项A“高薪经理失业”与原文“更难获得就业”不符，选项C“社会整体福祉上升”与原文“社会也遭受损失”相反，选项D“雇主需要招聘新员工”与原文“雇主更谨慎招聘”矛盾。
40. It can be inferred that the high-income threshold “ in Australia
- A. has secured managers' earnings.
- B. has produced undesired results.
- C. is beneficial to business owners.
- D. is difficult to put into practice
答案：C
答案句：Across the Tasman Sea, Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specified ”high-income threshold” from the protection of its unfair dismissal laws. In New
参考译文：在塔斯曼海对岸，澳大利亚通过将收入超过特定“高收入门槛”的员工排除在不公平解雇法的保护之外，来处理不公正解雇悖论。
定位线索：题干“high-income threshold in Australia”→答案句“excluding employees earning above a specified 'high-income threshold' from the protection”；文中“excluding...from the protection”意味着企业主可解雇高收入员工，对应选项“is beneficial to business owners”。
解析：题干问澳大利亚的“高收入门槛”可以推断出什么，答案句说明该门槛将高收入员工排除在保护之外，使企业主更容易解雇他们，这对企业主有利，对应选项C。选项A“保障了经理收入”与原文相反，选项B“产生了不良结果”和D“难以实施”在原文中未提及，属于无中生有。