21. According to Paragraph 1, museums are faced with difficulties in
- A. maintaining their plastic items.
- B. obtaining durable plastic artifacts.
- C. handling outdated plastic exhibits.
- D. classifying their plastic collections.
答案：A
答案句：All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.
参考译文：所有这些都给试图保存具有重要文化意义的物品的机构（如博物馆）带来了巨大的麻烦。面临风险的塑料物品种类令人眼花缭乱：早期收音机、前卫雕塑、迪士尼电影的赛璐珞动画剧照、第一颗人造心脏。
定位线索：题干“According to Paragraph 1”→答案句取自第1段“All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects”；文中“preserve”对应选项“maintaining”；文中“plastic objects”对应选项“plastic items”。
解析：题干问博物馆面临的困难，答案句明确指出博物馆等机构在保存塑料物品时遇到巨大麻烦，且列举了多种面临风险的塑料物品，与选项A“maintaining their plastic items”（维护塑料物品）直接对应。选项B“obtaining durable plastic artifacts”无中生有，文中未提及获取耐用的塑料物品；选项C“handling outdated plastic exhibits”偷换概念，文中说的是“culturally important objects”而非过时展品；选项D“classifying their plastic collections”无中生有，文中未提及分类。
22. Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are
- A. immune to decay.
- B. improperly shaped.
- C. inherently flawed.
- D. complex in structure.
答案：C
答案句：Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn't always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE). “It's like baking a cake: If you don't have exact amounts, it goes wrong,“ she says. ”The object you make is already a time bomb.” And so
参考译文：荷兰文化遗产局的聚合物化学家西娅·范·奥斯坦表示，某些文物特别脆弱，因为一些塑料艺术的先驱并不总是知道如何正确混合原料。她说：“这就像烤蛋糕：如果用量不精确，就会出错。”“你制作的物品已经是一个定时炸弹。”
定位线索：题干“Van Oosten believes”→答案句取自第3段“Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn't always know how to mix ingredients properly”；文中“vulnerable”和“time bomb”对应选项“inherently flawed”；文中“didn't always know how to mix ingredients properly”体现内在缺陷。
解析：题干问Van Oosten认为某些塑料物品如何，答案句中她指出这些物品“especially vulnerable”（特别脆弱），因为制作时原料配比不当，并比喻为“time bomb”（定时炸弹），说明物品本身存在内在缺陷，与选项C“inherently flawed”（天生有缺陷）对应。选项A“immune to decay”与原文“vulnerable”矛盾；选项B“improperly shaped”偷换概念，原文说的是原料配比不当而非形状不当；选项D“complex in structure”无中生有，原文未提及结构复杂。
23. Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi's artworks to_
- A. keep them from hurting visitors.
- B. duplicate them for future display.
- C. have their ingredients analyzed.
- D. prevent them from further damage.
答案：D
答案句：Unfortunately, the polyurethane fbam he used is inherently unstable. It's especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardi's pumpkins, roses, and other figures were splitting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark.
So van O
参考译文：不幸的是，他使用的聚氨酯泡沫本身就不稳定。它特别容易受到光照损伤，到20世纪90年代中期，吉拉尔迪的南瓜、玫瑰和其他作品开始开裂和碎裂。博物馆将其中一些锁在暗处。
定位线索：题干“Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi's artworks”→答案句取自第4段“Museums locked some of them away in the dark”；文中“locked them away in the dark”对应选项“prevent them from further damage”；文中“splitting and crumbling”和“vulnerable to light damage”说明作品正在损坏。
解析：题干问博物馆停止展出部分吉尔拉迪作品的原因，答案句先说明作品因不稳定而开裂碎裂，随后说博物馆将它们锁在暗处，显然是为了防止进一步的光照损伤，与选项D“prevent them from further damage”（防止进一步损坏）对应。选项A“keep them from hurting visitors”无中生有，文中未提及伤害游客；选项B“duplicate them for future display”无中生有，文中未提及复制；选项C“have their ingredients analyzed”无中生有，文中未提及分析成分。
24. The author thinks that preservation of plastics is
- A. costly.
- B. unworthy.
- C. unpopular.
- D. challenging.
答案：D
答案句：Despite success stories like van Oosten's, preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse, biodegradable plastics, designed to disintegrate, are increasingly common.
参考译文：尽管有像范·奥斯坦这样的成功案例，塑料的保存可能会变得更加困难。旧物品持续恶化。更糟糕的是，设计用于分解的可生物降解塑料越来越普遍。
定位线索：题干“The author thinks”→答案句取自第6段“preservation of plastics will likely get harder”；文中“harder”对应选项“challenging”；文中“Worse”体现作者的消极态度。
解析：题干问作者对塑料保存的看法，答案句明确说“preservation of plastics will likely get harder”（塑料保存可能会变得更困难），并补充旧物品持续恶化和可降解塑料更普遍，体现作者认为塑料保存具有挑战性，与选项D“challenging”（具有挑战性的）对应。选项A“costly”无中生有，文中未提及成本；选项B“unworthy”程度过重，作者虽认为困难但未否定其价值；选项C“unpopular”无中生有，文中未提及受欢迎程度。
25. In Ferreira's opinion, preservation of plastic artifacts,
- A. will inspire future scientific research.
- B. has profound historical significance.
- C. will help us separate the material ages.
- D. has an impact on today's cultural life.
答案：B
答案句：Joana Lia Ferreira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history — Stone Age, Iron Age, and so on — after examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic, she says, “and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve … will have a strong impact on how in the future we'll be seen.”
参考译文：乔安娜·利亚·费雷拉，新大学科学与技术学院保护与修复专业的助理教授，指出考古学家是在检查了博物馆中的文物之后，才首次定义了人类历史的伟大材料时代——石器时代、铁器时代等等。她说，我们现在生活在塑料时代，“我们今天决定收集什么，决定保存什么……将对未来我们如何被看待产生重大影响。”
定位线索：题干“In Ferreira's opinion”定位到最后一段Ferreira的观点；文中“what we decide to preserve...will have a strong impact on how in the future we'll be seen”对应选项B“has profound historical significance”（具有深远的历史意义）；文中“define the great material ages”与“historical significance”同义关联。
解析：题干问Ferreira认为保存塑料制品有何意义。答案句指出考古学家通过博物馆文物定义了历史材料时代，而我们现在保存塑料制品将影响未来如何看待我们，这暗示保存行为具有历史意义，对应B项。A项“激发未来科学研究”在文中无依据，属无中生有；C项“帮助我们划分材料时代”偷换概念，文中是考古学家已定义，而非保存行为帮助划分；D项“影响当今文化生活”范围错误，文中强调的是对未来历史认知的影响。