31. The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will
- A. help little to reduce gender bias.
- B. pose a threat to the state government.
- C. raise women's position in politics.
- D. greatly broaden career options.
答案：A
答案句：Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people. … A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.
参考译文：进步人士常常支持多元化指令，将其视为实现平等和公平竞争环境的途径。但这类政策往往是一种不真诚的作秀，只惠及最特权阶层，对普通民众帮助甚少。……马萨诸塞州参议员杰森·刘易斯和众议院临时议长帕特里夏·哈达德提出的两项法案，旨在确保董事会和委员会的“性别平等”，就是一个典型例子。
定位线索：题干“The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will”→答案句取自第1段“such policies...does little to help average people”及第2段“provide a case in point”；文中“does little to help average people”对应选项A“help little to reduce gender bias”。
解析：题干问作者认为刘易斯和哈达德提出的法案将会如何。答案句指出这类政策“对普通民众帮助甚少”，而该法案正是“一个典型例子”，因此作者认为该法案对减少性别偏见帮助不大，对应A项。B项“对州政府构成威胁”无中生有；C项“提高女性政治地位”与原文“只惠及最特权阶层”不符；D项“大大拓宽职业选择”原文未提及。
32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?
- A. It has irritated private business owners.
- B. It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.
- C. It may go against the Constitution.
- D. It will settle the prior controversies.
答案：C
答案句：The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.
参考译文：这些法案与加州最近通过的一项措施类似，加州去年成为第一个要求私营企业实行性别配额的州。在签署该措施时，加州州长杰里·布朗承认，这项明确按性别对人进行分类的法律可能违宪。
定位线索：题干“Which of the following is true of the California measure?”→答案句取自第4段“Jerry Brown admitted that the law...is probably unconstitutional”；文中“probably unconstitutional”对应选项C“It may go against the Constitution”。
解析：题干问关于加州措施哪项正确。答案句明确说加州州长承认该法律“可能违宪”，即可能违反宪法，对应C项。A项“激怒了私营企业主”原文未提及；B项“受到最高法院欢迎”与后文最高法院“不赞成”相反；D项“将解决先前的争议”无中生有。
33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate
- A. the harm from arbitrary board decision.
- B. the i ortance of constitutional guarantees.
- C. the pressure on women in global corporations.
- D. the needlessness of government interventions.
答案：D
答案句：But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what? … The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.
参考译文：但这样的政府指令真的有必要吗？目前女性在企业董事会的参与率可能并未反映女性在总人口中的比例，但那又怎样？……在没有政府干预的情况下，企业董事会中的女性人数一直在稳步增加。根据Catalyst的一项研究，2010年至2015年间，全球企业董事会中女性的比例增加了54%。
定位线索：题干“The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate”→答案句取自第6段“are such government mandates even necessary?”及第7段“increased by 54 percent”；文中“without government interference”对应选项D“the needlessness of government interventions”。
解析：题干问作者提及Catalyst研究是为了说明什么。例子本身是数据“女性比例增加54%”，但例子前面的观点句“这样的政府指令真的有必要吗？”和“没有政府干预”才是关键，说明政府干预没有必要，对应D项。A项“任意董事会决定的危害”无中生有；B项“宪法保障的重要性”与例子无关；C项“全球企业女性的压力”偏离观点。
34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to
- A. the underestimation of elite women's role.
- B. the objection to female participation on boards.
- C. the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.
- D. the growing tension between labor and management.
答案：C
答案句：Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.
参考译文：要求企业将性别作为董事会成员的首要资格，将不可避免地导致私营部门董事会经验不足。这正是挪威实行全国企业性别配额时发生的情况。
定位线索：题干“Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to”→答案句取自第8段“That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota”；文中“less experienced private sector boards”对应选项C“the entry of unqualified candidates into the board”。
解析：题干问挪威实行全国企业性别配额导致了什么。答案句指出这“不可避免地导致私营部门董事会经验不足”，即不合格候选人进入董事会，对应C项。A项“低估精英女性作用”无中生有；B项“反对女性参与董事会”原文未提及；D项“劳资关系紧张”无中生有。
35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?
- A. Women's need in employment should be considered.
- B. Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.
- C. Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.
- D. Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.
答案：B
答案句：Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. … Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.
参考译文：要求企业将性别作为董事会成员的首要资格，将不可避免地导致私营部门董事会经验不足。……爱丽丝·李在《新共和》杂志上撰文指出，增加董事会成员机会而不增加合格女性人才储备，导致了“金裙”现象，即同一批精英女性在各种董事会中占据多个席位。
定位线索：题干“Which of the following can be inferred from the text?”→答案句取自第8段“less experienced”及第9段“without increasing the pool of qualified women”；文中“less experienced”和“without increasing the pool of qualified women”对应选项B“Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking”。
解析：题干问从文中能推断出什么。答案句指出性别配额导致董事会经验不足和合格女性储备不足，说明政策制定时应优先考虑可行性，对应B项。A项“应考虑女性就业需求”与原文批评配额政策不符；C项“每个人都应努力促进社会正义”范围过大；D项“重大社会问题应成为立法焦点”与原文反对性别配额的主旨不符。