31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by
- A. our desire for lives of fulfillment.
- B. our faith in science and technology.
- C. our awareness of potential risks.
- D. our belief in equal opportunity.
答案：B
答案句：Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely – though by no means uniformly – glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfilment and opportunity for all.
参考译文：直到几十年前，我们对未来的展望大体上——尽管绝非一致——是极其乐观的。科学技术将治愈人类的所有弊病，为所有人带来充实而充满机遇的生活。
定位线索：题干“Our vision of the future used to be inspired by”→答案句取自第1段“our visions of the future were largely...glowingly positive”；文中“Science and technology would cure all the ills”对应选项B“our faith in science and technology”。
解析：题干问过去对未来的展望由什么激发，答案句首句指出过去展望是积极乐观的，第二句说明原因是“Science and technology would cure all the ills”，即对科学技术的信念，对应B项。A项“lives of fulfillment”和D项“equal opportunity”是科技带来的结果而非原因，属于偷换概念；C项“awareness of potential risks”是现在的情况，与题干“used to”不符，答非所问。
32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggests that human beings are
- A. a sustained species.
- B. the world’s dominant power.
- C. a threat to the environment.
- D. a misplaced race.
答案：A
答案句：Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”
参考译文：在国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的濒危物种“红色名录”中查阅智人，你会读到：“列为无危物种，因为该物种分布极广、适应性强、目前数量在增加，且没有导致整体种群下降的重大威胁。”
定位线索：题干“The IUCN's 'Red List' suggests that human beings are”→答案句取自第3段“Look up Homo sapiens in the 'Red List'...”；文中“currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline”对应选项A“a sustained species”（持续存在的物种）。
解析：答案句直接引用红色名录对智人的描述：分布广、适应性强、数量增加、无重大威胁，说明人类是可持续的物种，对应A项。B项“dominant power”、C项“threat to environment”在原文无依据，属无中生有；D项“misplaced race”利用上文“gloominess is misplaced”混淆概念，答非所问。
33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?
- A. The interest in science fiction is on the rise.
- B. Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.
- C. Technology offers solutions to social problems.
- D. Our immediate future is hard to conceive.
答案：D
答案句：Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.
参考译文：也许有些固执，思考如此漫长的时间尺度可能比思考更近期的未来更容易。当今技术的潜在演变及其社会后果极其复杂，也许最好留给科幻作家和未来学家去探索我们能设想的许多可能性。
定位线索：题干“Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5”→答案句取自第5段“it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future”；文中“the more immediate future”对应选项D“Our immediate future is hard to conceive”（我们的近期未来难以构想）。
解析：答案句指出思考漫长尺度比思考近期未来更容易，且近期未来的技术演变极其复杂，暗示近期未来难以构想，对应D项。A项“interest in science fiction is on the rise”原文未提及，无中生有；B项“Arc helps limit the scope”与原文“dedicated to the near future”不符，偷换概念；C项“Technology offers solutions”与原文“dazzlingly complicated”矛盾，程度过重。
34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to
- A. adopt an optimistic view of the world.
- B. draw on our experience from the past.
- C. explore our planet’s abundant resources.
- D. curb our ambition to reshape history.
答案：B
答案句：But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.
参考译文：但从更长远的角度看，我们能相当有把握地说出很多令人惊讶的内容。正如常有的情况，过去掌握着通往未来的钥匙：我们现在已经识别出足够多的塑造地球和人类历史的长期模式，从而能对后代所处的境况做出基于证据的预测。
定位线索：题干“To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to”→答案句取自第6段“the past holds the key to the future”；文中“the past holds the key to the future”对应选项B“draw on our experience from the past”（借鉴过去的经验）。
解析：答案句明确指出“the past holds the key to the future”，即过去是未来的关键，对应B项“draw on our experience from the past”。A项“adopt an optimistic view”在文中未作为关键措施，无中生有；C项“explore our planet's abundant resources”原文未提及，无中生有；D项“curb our ambition to reshape history”与原文“identified enough of the long-term patterns”相反，偷换概念。
35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
- A. The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind.
- B. Science, Technology and Humanity.
- C. Evolution of the Human Species.
- D. Uncertainty about Our Future.
答案：A
答案句：Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely – though by no means uniformly – glowingly positive. … But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years – so why shouldn't we? … This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
参考译文：直到几十年前，我们对未来的展望大体上——尽管绝非一致——是极其乐观的。……但这种悲观情绪是错误的。化石记录显示，许多物种已经延续了数百万年——那我们为什么不能呢？……这种长远视角使得对我们前景的悲观看法更像是一时的风尚。诚然，未来并非一片光明。但我们现在已有足够的知识来减少许多曾威胁早期人类生存的风险，并改善后代的命运。
定位线索：题干“Which of the following would be the best title for the text”→答案句取自首段“visions of the future were largely...glowingly positive”、第3段“such gloominess is misplaced”、末段“pessimistic view...passing fad”；文中“glowingly positive”“gloominess is misplaced”“pessimistic view...passing fad”对应选项A“The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind”（人类永远光明的前景）。
解析：文章首段指出过去对未来的展望是积极的，第3段反驳悲观情绪，末段强调悲观是暂时的，整体主旨是人类前景光明，对应A项。B项“Science, Technology and Humanity”只涵盖首段部分内容，范围缩小；C项“Evolution of the Human Species”偏离主题，答非所问；D项“Uncertainty about Our Future”与文章主旨相反，偷换概念。