21. According to Paragraph 1, the practice of tipping in the U.S. ____
- A. was regarded as a sign of generosity.
- B. was considered essential for waiters.
- C. was a way of rewarding diligence.
- D. was optional in most businesses.
答案：B
答案句：U.S. customers historically tipped people they assumed were earning most of their income via tips, such as restaurant servers earning less than the minimum wage. … In the earlys, a wide range of businesses started processing purchases with iPads and other digital payment systems. These systems often prompted customers to tip for services that were not previously tipped.
参考译文：美国顾客历来会给那些他们认为主要通过小费获取收入的人付小费，例如收入低于最低工资的餐厅服务员。 … 在早期，许多企业开始使用iPad和其他数字支付系统处理购买。这些系统经常提示顾客为以前不付小费的服务付小费。
定位线索：题干“According to Paragraph 1”→答案句取自第1段“restaurant servers earning less than the minimum wage”；文中“restaurant servers”对应选项B“waiters”；文中“earning most of their income via tips”对应选项B“essential”（小费对服务员至关重要）。
解析：题干问美国小费实践，答案句指出美国顾客历来给那些主要靠小费收入的人付小费，如收入低于最低工资的餐厅服务员，说明小费对服务员是必需的，对应B项。A项“慷慨的象征”无中生有；C项“奖励勤奋”是第2段内容，答非所问；D项“大多数企业可选”与原文不符，原文说系统提示付小费。
22. Compared with tips in the past, today’s tips ____
- A. are paid much less frequently.
- B. are less often requested in advance.
- C. have less to do with service quality.
- D. contribute less to workers’ income.
答案：C
答案句：Today’s tip requests are often not connected to the salary and service norms that used to determine when and how people tip. … It’s becoming more common for tips to be requested beforehand.
参考译文：如今的小费请求通常与过去决定人们何时以及如何付小费的工资和服务规范无关。 … 提前要求小费变得越来越普遍。
定位线索：题干“Compared with tips in the past”→答案句取自第2段“not connected to the salary and service norms”；文中“not connected to the salary and service norms”对应选项C“have less to do with service quality”（与服务质量关系更小）。
解析：题干对比过去和现在的小费，答案句说现在的小费请求与过去的工资和服务规范无关，即与服务质量关系减弱，对应C项。A项“付得更少”无中生有；B项“更少提前要求”与原文“更普遍提前要求”相反；D项“对收入贡献更少”与第3段“补充收入”矛盾。
23. Tip requests are creeping into new kinds of services as a result of ____
- A. the advancement of technology.
- B. the desire for income increase.
- C. the diversification of business.
- D. the emergence of tipflation.
答案：A
答案句：The prevalence of digital payment devices has made it easier to ask customers for a tip. … That helps explain why tip requests are creeping into new kinds of services.
参考译文：数字支付设备的普及使得向顾客索要小费变得更加容易。 … 这有助于解释为什么小费请求正蔓延到新型服务中。
定位线索：题干“Tip requests are creeping into new kinds of services”→答案句取自第3段“That helps explain why tip requests are creeping into new kinds of services”；文中“digital payment devices”对应选项A“the advancement of technology”（技术进步）。
解析：题干问小费请求蔓延到新服务的原因，答案句明确指出数字支付设备的普及使索要小费更容易，这解释了蔓延现象，对应A项技术进步。B项“收入增加的愿望”是第4段内容，答非所问；C项“业务多样化”无中生有；D项“tipflation的出现”是结果而非原因。
24. The movement toward no-tipping services was intended to ____
- A. promote consumption.
- B. enrich income sources.
- C. maintain reasonable prices.
- D. guarantee income fairness.
答案：D
答案句：To ensure that all employees were paid fair wages, some restaurants banned tipping and increased prices, but this movement towards no-tipping services has largely fizzled out.
参考译文：为了确保所有员工获得公平工资，一些餐厅禁止小费并提高价格，但这场无小费服务运动基本失败了。
定位线索：题干“The movement toward no-tipping services was intended to”→答案句取自第4段“To ensure that all employees were paid fair wages”；文中“fair wages”对应选项D“guarantee income fairness”（保证收入公平）。
解析：题干问无小费服务运动的目的，答案句明确说“为了确保所有员工获得公平工资”，对应D项收入公平。A项“促进消费”无中生有；B项“丰富收入来源”与禁止小费矛盾；C项“维持合理价格”是手段而非目的。
25. It can be learned from the last paragraph that tipping ____
- A. is becoming a burden for customers.
- B. helps encourage quality service.
- C. is vital to business development.
- D. reflects the need to reduce prices.
答案：A
答案句：However, many customers are frustrated because they feel they are being asked for too high of a tip too often. And, as our research emphasizes, tipping now seems to be more coercive, less generous, and often completely dissociated from service quality.
参考译文：然而，许多顾客感到沮丧，因为他们觉得被要求支付过高的小费且频率过高。而且，正如我们的研究所强调的，小费现在似乎更具强制性，更不慷慨，并且常常完全与服务质量脱节。
定位线索：题干“It can be learned from the last paragraph”→答案句取自最后一段“many customers are frustrated”；文中“frustrated”“too high of a tip too often”对应选项A“is becoming a burden for customers”（成为顾客负担）。
解析：题干问从最后一段能推断出什么，答案句说顾客因小费过高过频而沮丧，小费更具强制性，说明小费成为顾客负担，对应A项。B项“鼓励优质服务”与原文“与服务质量脱节”矛盾；C项“对业务发展至关重要”无中生有；D项“反映降价需求”无中生有。