61. In Tom Vanderbilt's View, how to Deal with the Left Turn Problem in the United States?
- A. Install a dedicated left turn phase.
- B. Traffic planners manage road conditions.
- C. Operators make their own traffic maps.
- D. National policy encourages left turn of vehicles.
答案：A
答案句：“This can not only be dangerous, but makes traffic build up, unless you install a dedicated left-turn ‘phase’, which is fine but basically adds 30 or 45 seconds to everyone else’s single time,” he said.
参考译文：“这不仅危险，还会造成交通拥堵，除非你安装一个专门的左转‘相位’，这虽然不错，但基本上会给其他人的单次通行时间增加30到45秒，”他说。
定位线索：题干“In Tom Vanderbilt's View, how to Deal with the Left Turn Problem”→答案句“install a dedicated left-turn ‘phase’”；文中“install a dedicated left-turn ‘phase’”对应选项A“Install a dedicated left turn phase”（直接对应）。
解析：题干问Tom Vanderbilt认为如何处理美国左转问题。答案句明确提到“unless you install a dedicated left-turn ‘phase’”，即安装专门的左转相位，与选项A完全对应。选项B“Traffic planners manage road conditions”原文未提及；选项C“Operators make their own traffic maps”是UPS的做法，不是Vanderbilt的观点；选项D“National policy encourages left turn”原文未提及。因此正确选项为A。
62. Which of the following options is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
- A. It’s unsafe to turn left on right-hand driving roads.
- B. Turning left is resource-efficient on right-hand driving roads.
- C. Left turning is likely to cause traffic accidents.
- D. Left-turn is discouraged in all countries.
答案：B
答案句：Left-hand turns are generally considered unsafe and wasteful on right-hand driving roads , such as those in the U. S. … A study on crash factors in intersection-related accidents from the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Association shows that turning left is one of the leading “critical pre-crash events” (an event that made a collision inevitable) , occurring in 22. 2 percent of crashes, as opposed to 1.2 percent for right turns. … The rule, says Levis, can also be applied to left-hand driving countries, such as Australia and the UK, where it discourages right-hand turns.
参考译文：在右侧行驶的道路上（如美国），左转通常被认为是不安全且浪费的。…美国国家公路交通安全协会对交叉口相关事故中碰撞因素的研究表明，左转是主要的“关键碰撞前事件”（使碰撞不可避免的事件）之一，占碰撞事故的22.2%，而右转仅占1.2%。…Levis说，这一规则也适用于左侧行驶的国家，如澳大利亚和英国，在这些国家它不鼓励右转。
定位线索：题干“Which of the following options is NOT TRUE”→答案句“Left-hand turns are generally considered unsafe and wasteful”（对应选项A正确）；“turning left is one of the leading ‘critical pre-crash events’”（对应选项C正确）；“can also be applied to left-hand driving countries, such as Australia and the UK, where it discourages right-hand turns”（对应选项D正确）；选项B“Turning left is resource-efficient”与答案句“wasteful”矛盾，为错误选项。
解析：题干问哪项不符合原文。答案句明确指出左转“unsafe and wasteful”，因此选项A“It’s unsafe to turn left”正确；选项C“Left turning is likely to cause traffic accidents”与“turning left is one of the leading ‘critical pre-crash events’”对应；选项D“Left-turn is discouraged in all countries”与“can also be applied to left-hand driving countries”对应，说明所有国家都避免不利转向；选项B“Turning left is resource-efficient”与原文“wasteful”直接矛盾，因此B为NOT TRUE。正确选项为B。