58. By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that ________.
- A. the weight of egoods is rather small
- B. ewaste deserves to be made good use of
- C. natural minerals contain more precious metals
- D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in ewaste
答案：B
答案句：Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in socalled ewaste than in naturally occurring minerals.
参考译文：电子设备含有金和银等贵重金属。一项瑞士研究报告称，虽然贵金属所代表的电子产品的重量与总废物相比相对较小，但所谓的电子废物中金和其他贵金属的浓度高于天然存在的矿物。
定位线索：题干“By mentioning the Swiss study”→答案句取自第2段“A Swiss study reported...”；文中“concentration...higher”对应选项B“e-waste deserves to be made good use of”（电子垃圾值得被利用）；文中“weight...relatively small”对应选项A，“naturally occurring minerals”对应选项C。
解析：题干问提及瑞士研究的目的，答案句先指出电子设备含贵金属，再通过研究说明电子垃圾中贵金属浓度高于天然矿物，暗示电子垃圾有回收价值，故B正确。例子本身（瑞士研究）不是答案依据，其前的观点句“Electronic devices contain valuable metals”才是关键。A是研究中的细节但非目的，C与原文相反，D偷换概念（原文说浓度高而非百分比重）。
59. The responsibility of ewaste treatment should be extended ________.
- A. from producers to governments
- B. from governments to producers
- C. from individuals to distributors
- D. from distributors to governments
答案：B
答案句：In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place? … From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and taxpayers back to the producers.
参考译文：在许多国家，生产者延伸责任的概念正在被考虑或已经实施，作为减少浪费的动机。如果要求生产者收回他们用来销售产品的包装，他们首先会减少包装吗？……从政府的角度来看，要求生产者延伸责任的法律的一个主要目标是将废物管理的成本和实际责任从政府和纳税人转移回生产者。
定位线索：题干“responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended”→答案句取自第6段和第8段“extended producer responsibility”和“transfer...from the government...back to the producers”；文中“from the government...back to the producers”对应选项B“from governments to producers”。
解析：题干问电子垃圾处理责任应延伸至何处，答案句明确说“transfer...from the government and taxpayers back to the producers”，即从政府到生产者，故B正确。A方向相反，C和D涉及个人和分销商，原文未提及，属无中生有。
60. What does the passage mainly talk about?
- A. The increase in ewaste.
- B. The creation of ewaste.
- C. The seriousness of ewaste.
- D. The management of ewaste.
答案：D
答案句：In the United States alone, over 100 million cellphones are thrown away each year. Cellphones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. … Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. … Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start—for instance, buying reusable products and recycling. … In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. … From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and taxpayers back to the producers.
参考译文：仅在美国，每年就有超过1亿部手机被丢弃。手机是电子垃圾日益增多的一部分，如电脑和个人数字助理。……电子垃圾还含有许多有毒金属。……个人可以通过从一开始就减少浪费来减少他们的贡献，例如购买可重复使用的产品和回收利用。……在许多国家，生产者延伸责任的概念正在被考虑或已经实施，作为减少浪费的动机。……从政府的角度来看，要求生产者延伸责任的法律的一个主要目标是将废物管理的成本和实际责任从政府和纳税人转移回生产者。
定位线索：题干“mainly talk about”→答案句取自首段、第3段、第5段、第6段、第8段；文中“reduce their contribution”“reducing waste”“transfer...responsibility”对应选项D“The management of e-waste”（电子垃圾的管理）；文中“thrown away”“increasing”对应选项A，“poisonous metals”对应选项C。
解析：文章首段提出电子垃圾问题，中间段落讨论其危害和回收，后几段聚焦于减少和管理电子垃圾的措施（个人减少、生产者责任），故主旨是管理，D正确。A和C只是部分内容，B“creation”（产生）未涉及，均以偏概全。