32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?
- A. By quoting an expert.
- B. By defining a concept.
- C. By giving examples.
- D. By providing statistics.
答案：C
答案句：Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
参考译文：微塑料已成为地球上一个常见的污染源——它们已沉入深海、落在喜马拉雅山上、卡在火山岩内、填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在新鲜的南极雪中。它们甚至出现在人体内。
定位线索：题干“How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph”→答案句取自第1段“they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow”；文中“settled in the deep sea...fallen in fresh Antarctic snow”对应选项C“By giving examples”。
解析：题干问第一段作者如何呈现问题。答案句列举了微塑料在深海、喜马拉雅山、火山岩、海鸟胃和南极雪等多个具体地点出现的实例，这是典型的举例说明，因此正确选项为C。选项A“引用专家”在文中未出现，选项B“定义概念”和选项D“提供数据”均与原文不符，属于无中生有。
33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?
- A. The hardness of water.
- B. The length of cooling time.
- C. The frequency of filtering.
- D. The type of plastic in water.
答案：A
答案句：Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.
参考译文：至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于水中含有足够的碳酸钙来捕获塑料。研究中，煮沸含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水使塑料减少了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样本中，煮沸仅使塑料水平降低了25%。
定位线索：题干“What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water”→答案句取自第3段“this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate”；文中“hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate”对应选项A“The hardness of water”。
解析：题干问什么决定水中捕获微塑料的效果。答案句明确指出过程依赖于水中碳酸钙的含量，并通过对比硬水（300毫克）和低碳酸钙水（低于60毫克）的效果差异，说明水的硬度是关键因素，因此正确选项为A。选项B“冷却时间”、选项C“过滤频率”和选项D“塑料类型”在原文中未提及或不是决定因素，属于无中生有或偷换概念。
34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?
- A. The importance of plastic recycling.
- B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
- C. The danger in overusing pure water.
- D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
答案：B
答案句：Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
参考译文：尽管如此，这些发现为减少微塑料暴露指明了一条潜在路径——这项任务正变得越来越困难。科学家今年早些时候发现，即使是瓶装水，所含的微塑料也比原先认为的多10到1000倍。
定位线索：题干“What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4”→答案句取自第4段“Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought”；文中“Even bottled water...contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics”对应选项B“The severity of the microplastic problem”。
解析：题干问作者在第4段提到瓶装水是为了说明什么。答案句先指出减少微塑料暴露的任务越来越困难，随后用瓶装水含微塑料远超预期作为例子，强调问题的严重性，因此正确选项为B。例子本身不是答案依据，前面的观点句“a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult”才是关键。选项A“塑料回收的重要性”、选项C“过度使用纯净水的危险”和选项D“处理污染水的难度”均与原文不符，属于无中生有或偷换概念。
35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about?
- A. Choice of new research methods.
- B. Possible direction for further study.
- C. Need to involve more researchers.
- D. Potential application of the findings.
答案：D
答案句：“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
参考译文：“他们通过煮沸过程展示微塑料如何被捕获的方式很好，”苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师卡罗琳·高乔特-林赛（未参与该研究）告诉《新科学家》。“我们应该研究升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们去除微塑料。”
定位线索：题干“What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about”→答案句取自第5段“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics”；文中“upgrading drinking water treatment plants”对应选项D“Potential application of the findings”。
解析：题干问高乔特-林赛的建议是关于什么的。答案句中她建议升级饮用水处理厂以去除微塑料，这是将研究发现应用于实际水处理设施，因此正确选项为D。选项A“选择新研究方法”、选项B“进一步研究的可能方向”和选项C“需要更多研究者参与”均与她的建议内容不符，属于答非所问或偷换概念。