51. What do we learn about the gender pay gap in the US during the 1980s?
- A. It was being slowly closed.
- B. It was shrinking rapidly.
- C. It started to yawn.
- D. It remained substantial.
答案：A
答案句：Women have historically been paid less. But in the US in the 1980s, they began to catch up-fast. During that decade, the gender pay gap closed by about one percentage point a year.
参考译文：女性历来薪酬较低。但在20世纪80年代的美国，她们开始快速追赶。在那十年间，性别薪酬差距每年缩小约一个百分点。
定位线索：题干“in the US during the 1980s”→答案句“in the US in the 1980s”；文中“closed by about one percentage point a year”对应选项A“slowly closed”（每年一个百分点为缓慢缩小）。
解析：题干问1980年代美国性别薪酬差距的情况。答案句明确指出“the gender pay gap closed by about one percentage point a year”，即每年缩小一个百分点，这属于缓慢缩小，对应选项A“It was being slowly closed”。选项B“shrinking rapidly”程度过重，与“one percentage point”不符；选项C“started to yawn”与原文“yawning”指当前差距，非1980年代；选项D“remained substantial”与原文“began to catch up”矛盾。
53. What partly accounts for the slip in women's salaries?
- A. The insufficient motivation women generally have for career advancement.
- B. The opportunities numerous women give up for pay raise and promotion.
- C. The huge amounts of time and energy women spend taking care of the family.
- D. The lack of policy support from government and business corporations.
答案：B
答案句：Part of this is because women take on more of the unpaid labor at home, which can eat into time available for work and energy for career advancement. But it's also because mothers are passed over for raises and promotion, and because time out of the workplace sets women back, even if that time is taken voluntarily, and supported by company or government policy.
参考译文：部分原因是女性承担了更多无偿家务劳动，这会挤占可用于工作的时间和用于职业发展的精力。但也因为母亲在加薪和晋升中被忽视，以及离开职场的时间使女性倒退，即使这些时间是被自愿利用的，并得到公司或政府政策的支持。
定位线索：题干“partly accounts for the slip in women's salaries”→答案句“Part of this is because”；文中“mothers are passed over for raises and promotion”对应选项B“opportunities numerous women give up for pay raise and promotion”（女性放弃加薪晋升机会）。
解析：题干问女性工资下滑的部分原因。答案句提到“mothers are passed over for raises and promotion”，即母亲被忽视晋升加薪机会，对应选项B。选项A“insufficient motivation”原文未提，属无中生有；选项C“time and energy taking care of family”是原因之一，但题干问“partly”，且选项B更直接对应“passed over”；选项D“lack of policy support”与原文“supported by company or government policy”矛盾。