46. What question does the example in the movie raise?
- A. Whether robots can reach better decisions.
- B. Whether robots follow Asimov's zeroth law.
- C. How robots may make bad judgments.
- D. How robots should be programmed.
答案：A
答案句：In the beginning of the movie I, Robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water-Del Spooner or a child. Even though Spooner screams “Save her! Save her!” the robot rescues him because it calculates that he has a 45 percent chance of survival compared to Sarah's 11 percent. The robot's decision and its calculated approach raise an important question: would humans make the same choice? And which choice would we want our robotic counterparts to make?
参考译文：在电影《我，机器人》的开头，两辆汽车冲入水中后，一个机器人必须决定救谁——德尔·斯普纳还是一个孩子。尽管斯普纳尖叫着“救她！救她！”，机器人还是救了他，因为它计算出他有45%的生存几率，而莎拉只有11%。机器人的决定及其计算方式提出了一个重要问题：人类会做出同样的选择吗？我们希望机器人伙伴做出哪种选择？
定位线索：题干“the example in the movie”→答案句取自第1段电影情节；文中“raise an important question”对应选项A“Whether robots can reach better decisions”（机器人能否做出更好的决定）；文中“would humans make the same choice”与“which choice would we want”暗示比较人类与机器人的决策能力
解析：本题为例证题。例子本身（机器人救斯普纳而非莎拉）不是答案依据，例子后面的观点句“The robot's decision and its calculated approach raise an important question: would humans make the same choice?”才是关键，它引出对机器人决策能力的探讨，正确选项A正是对该观点的同义转述。B项提到zeroth law，但例子中未提及；C项“bad judgments”与原文“calculated approach”不符；D项“how robots should be programmed”是后文内容，答非所问。
50. What has the roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory found in his experiment?
- A. Robots can be made as intelligent as human beings some day.
- B. Robots can have moral issues encoded into their programs.
- C. Robots can have trouble making decisions in complex scenarios.
- D. Robots can be programmed to perceive potential perils.
答案：C
答案句：A roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory programmed a robot to save human proxies (替身) called “H-bots” from danger. When one H-bot headed for danger, the robot successfully pushed it out of the way. But when two H-bots became imperiled, the robot chocked 42 percent of the time, unable to decide which to save and letting them both “die.” The experiment highlights the importance of morality: without it, how can a robot decide whom to save or what's best for humanity, especially if it can't calculate survival odds?
参考译文：布里斯托尔机器人实验室的一位机器人专家编程了一个机器人，让它从危险中拯救被称为“H-bot”的人类替身。当一个H-bot走向危险时，机器人成功地将它推开。但当两个H-bot陷入危险时，机器人有42%的时间卡住，无法决定救哪个，导致它们都“死”了。这个实验凸显了道德的重要性：没有道德，机器人如何决定救谁或什么对人类最有利，尤其是当它无法计算生存几率时？
定位线索：题干“roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory”→答案句取自第5段；文中“unable to decide which to save”对应选项C“can have trouble making decisions in complex scenarios”（在复杂情境中难以做决定）；“chocked”（卡住）与“trouble making decisions”为同义改写
解析：题干问布里斯托尔实验室机器人专家的实验发现。答案句描述当两个H-bot陷入危险时，机器人“unable to decide which to save”，正确选项C直接对应。A项“as intelligent as human beings”无中生有，实验未涉及智能比较；B项“moral issues encoded”与实验结果相反，实验恰恰显示缺乏道德；D项“perceive potential perils”偷换概念，机器人能感知危险但无法决策，与题干问的发现不符。