51. What is characteristic of a chronic complainer, according to psychiatrist Eric Berne?
- A. They only feel angry about their ill treatment and resent whoever tries to help.
- B. They are chronically unhappy and ceaselessly find fault with people around them.
- C. They constantly dismiss others，proposals while taking no responsibility for tackling the problem.
- D. They lack the knowledge and basic skills required for successful conversations with their interlocutors.
答案：C
答案句：The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer. Something is terrible about their relationship, job, or other situation, and they moan about it ceaselessly, but find some excuse to dismiss any solution that's proposed.
参考译文：采用这种策略的人通常是长期抱怨者。他们的关系、工作或其他处境中有些事很糟糕，他们不停地抱怨，但总能找到借口驳回任何提出的解决方案。
定位线索：题干“chronic complainer”→答案句“The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer”；文中“dismiss any solution that's proposed”对应选项C“constantly dismiss others' proposals”；文中“find some excuse”对应选项C“taking no responsibility”。
解析：题干问长期抱怨者的特征，答案句直接描述其行为：不停抱怨但驳回所有解决方案，对应C项“不断驳回他人提议且不承担责任”。A项“只对虐待感到愤怒”无中生有；B项“挑剔周围人”范围扩大；D项“缺乏对话技能”偷换概念。
53. What does the author advise people to do to chronic complainers?
- A. Stop them from going further by agreeing with them.
- B. Listen to their complaints ardently and sympathetically.
- C. Ask them to validate their beliefs with further evidence.
- D. Persuade them to clarify the confusion they have caused.
答案：A
答案句：Should you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining, there's an ingenious way to shut it down-which is to agree with it, ardently.
参考译文：如果你发现自己面对这种抱怨，有一个巧妙的方法可以制止它——那就是热烈地同意它。
定位线索：题干“advise people to do”→答案句“there's an ingenious way to shut it down”；文中“agree with it”对应选项A“agreeing with them”；文中“shut it down”对应选项A“stop them from going further”。
解析：题干问作者建议如何应对抱怨者，答案句明确说“巧妙方法就是热烈同意”，对应A项“通过同意来阻止他们”。B项“同情倾听”偷换概念；C项“要求证据”无中生有；D项“说服澄清”无中生有。
55. How can one stop being a chronic complainer according to the author?
- A. Analysing the so-called responsibility/fault fallacy.
- B. Avoiding hazardous traps in everyday social life.
- C. Assuming responsibility to free oneself.
- D. Awaiting something magical to happen.
答案：C
答案句：Which illustrates the irony of the responsibility/fault fallacy: evading responsibility feels comfortable, but turns out to be a prison; whereas assuming responsibility feels unpleasant, but ends up being freeing.
参考译文：这说明了责任/错误谬误的讽刺之处：逃避责任感觉舒适，但结果是牢笼；而承担责任感觉不愉快，但最终是自由。
定位线索：题干“stop being a chronic complainer”→答案句“assuming responsibility feels unpleasant, but ends up being freeing”；文中“assuming responsibility”对应选项C“Assuming responsibility”；文中“ends up being freeing”对应选项C“free oneself”。
解析：题干问如何停止抱怨，答案句通过对比指出“承担责任最终是自由”，隐含停止抱怨的方法是承担责任，对应C项。A项“分析谬误”是手段而非目的；B项“避免陷阱”范围过大；D项“等待奇迹”曲解原文“magical”的比喻义。