48. What is the logic underlying the author's viewpoint?
- A. The growth of workers' paychecks ultimately boosts the nation's economy.
- B. Paying a premium to maintain a reliable workforce attracts more customers.
- C. Consumption stimulates the desire for higher wages.
- D. Familiar arguments for higher wages are outdated.
答案：A
答案句：Perhaps the most famous illustration of the benefits is the story of Henry Ford's decision in 1914 to pay $5 a day to workers on his Model T assembly lines. He did it to increase production—he was paying a premium to maintain a reliable workforce. The unexpected benefit was that Ford's factory workers became Ford customers, too. The same logic still holds: Consumption drives the American economy, and workers who are paid more can spend more.
参考译文：也许最著名的利益例证是亨利·福特1914年决定给他的T型车装配线工人每天支付5美元的故事。他这样做是为了提高产量——他支付溢价以维持可靠的劳动力。意想不到的好处是，福特的工厂工人也成为了福特的顾客。同样的逻辑仍然成立：消费驱动美国经济，工人得到更多报酬就能花更多钱。
定位线索：题干“What is the logic underlying the author's viewpoint”→答案句“The same logic still holds: Consumption drives the American economy, and workers who are paid more can spend more”；文中“workers who are paid more can spend more”对应选项A“The growth of workers' paychecks ultimately boosts the nation's economy”。
解析：作者通过福特例子引出逻辑：工人工资提高→消费增加→驱动经济，对应A项。B项“支付溢价吸引更多顾客”是福特的具体做法，非逻辑本身；C项“消费刺激高工资欲望”因果颠倒；D项“熟悉论点过时”无中生有。
49. What is the basis for higher wages according to the conventional wisdom?
- A. Fairness in distribution.
- B. Increase in productivity.
- C. The priority of economic policymakers.
- D. The unerring judgment of market forces.
答案：B
答案句：The conventional wisdom held that productivity growth was the only route to higher wages. Through that lens, efforts to negotiate higher wages were counterproductive.
参考译文：传统观点认为，生产率增长是提高工资的唯一途径。从这个角度看，争取更高工资的努力是适得其反的。
定位线索：题干“What is the basis for higher wages according to the conventional wisdom”→答案句“The conventional wisdom held that productivity growth was the only route to higher wages”；文中“productivity growth”对应选项B“Increase in productivity”。
解析：传统观点明确认为生产率增长是提高工资的唯一途径，对应B项。A项“分配公平”是作者提到的熟悉论点，非传统观点；C项“经济政策制定者的优先事项”是作者观点；D项“市场力量的准确判断”是主流经济学家的观点，非传统智慧。