46. What problem have supermarkets been facing?
- A. They are actually on the way to bankruptcy.
- B. They have been losing customers and profits.
- C. They are forced to use e-commerce strategies.
- D. They have difficulty adapting to climate change.
答案：B
答案句：Supermarkets have long been suffering as one of the thinnest -margined businesses in existence and one of the least-looked-forward-to places to work or visit. For more than a decade, they have been under attack from e-commerce giants, blamed for making Americans fat, and accused of contributing to climate change.
参考译文：超市长期以来一直是最薄利行业之一，也是最不受欢迎的工作或购物场所之一。十多年来，它们一直受到电子商务巨头的攻击，被指责让美国人变胖，并被指控导致气候变化。
定位线索：题干“What problem have supermarkets been facing”→答案句第1段“suffering as one of the thinnest-margined businesses”和“under attack from e-commerce giants”；文中“suffering”和“under attack”对应选项B“losing customers and profits”。
解析：题干问超市面临的问题，答案句直接指出超市利润微薄、受到攻击，这些是问题所在，对应选项B“失去顾客和利润”。选项A“破产”无中生有，文中未提及；选项C“被迫使用电商策略”偷换概念，文中只说受到攻击；选项D“难以适应气候变化”曲解原文，原文是“被指控导致气候变化”。
47. What does the passage say about the idea of a self-service grocery?
- A. It was put forward by King Kullen.
- B. It originated in the United States.
- C. It has been under constant debate.
- D. It proves revolutionary even today.
答案：B
答案句：The revolutionary idea of a self-service grocery, where people could hunt and gather food from aisles rather than asking a clerk to fetch items from behind a counter, first came about in America.
参考译文：自助式杂货店这一革命性理念——人们可以从过道里搜寻和收集食物，而不是让店员从柜台后面取货——首先出现在美国。
定位线索：题干“the idea of a self-service grocery”→答案句第2段“The revolutionary idea of a self-service grocery”；文中“first came about in America”对应选项B“originated in the United States”。
解析：题干问自助式杂货店理念的情况，答案句明确说“first came about in America”，即起源于美国，对应选项B。选项A“由King Kullen提出”错误，文中说King Kullen是首家超市，而非理念提出者；选项C“一直有争议”错误，文中说“some debate”但已形成共识；选项D“至今仍具革命性”错误，文中说“may not feel cutting-edge now”。
48. What did supermarkets do by adopting the Fordist factory approach?
- A. They modernized traditional groceries in many ways.
- B. They introduced cutting-edge layout of their stores.
- C. They improved the quality of the food they sold.
- D. They revolutionized the distribution of goods.
答案：D
答案句：The supermarket imitated the Fordist factory, with its emphasis on efficiency and standardization, and reimagined it as a place to buy food. Supermarkets may not feel cutting-edge now, but they were a revolution in distribution at the time.
参考译文：超市模仿了福特式工厂，强调效率和标准化，并将其重新构想为购买食品的地方。超市现在可能不觉得前沿，但当时它们是分销领域的一场革命。
定位线索：题干“adopting the Fordist factory approach”→答案句第3段“imitated the Fordist factory”；文中“a revolution in distribution”对应选项D“revolutionized the distribution of goods”。
解析：题干问超市采用福特式工厂方法的结果，答案句指出超市模仿福特式工厂，并说“they were a revolution in distribution”，即革命性地改变了商品分销，对应选项D。选项A“以多种方式现代化传统杂货店”范围过大；选项B“引入前沿布局”错误，文中说“may not feel cutting-edge now”；选项C“提高食品质量”无中生有。
49. What is the typical supermarket layout intended to do?
- A. Arouse customers' appetite to buy flowers, fruit and vegetables.
- B. Provide customers easy access to items they want to buy.
- C. Induce customers to make more unplanned purchases.
- D. Enable customers to have a more enjoyable shopping experience.
答案：C
答案句：Most stores open with flowers, fruit and vegetables at the front as a breath of freshness to arouse our appetite. Meanwhile, they keep the milk, eggs, and other daily basics all the way back so you'll travel through as much of the store as possible, and be tempted along the way.
参考译文：大多数商店以鲜花、水果和蔬菜作为开场，带来一股新鲜感以激发我们的食欲。同时，他们把牛奶、鸡蛋和其他日常必需品放在最里面，这样你就会尽可能多地穿过商店，并在途中受到诱惑。
定位线索：题干“typical supermarket layout intended to do”→答案句第4段“Most stores open with...”和“they keep the milk...all the way back”；文中“be tempted along the way”对应选项C“make more unplanned purchases”。
解析：题干问典型超市布局的目的，答案句说明布局设计让顾客穿过更多区域并“be tempted”，即被诱惑购买更多，对应选项C“诱导顾客进行更多非计划购买”。选项A“激发食欲购买鲜花果蔬”只是部分目的，且不是主要意图；选项B“方便顾客购买所需物品”与原文相反，原文是故意放远；选项D“更愉快的购物体验”无中生有。
50. What have people long feared about supermarkets?
- A. They use tricky strategies to promote their business.
- B. They are going to replace the local groceries entirely.
- C. They apply corporate black magic to the goods on display.
- D. They take advantage of the weaknesses of women shoppers.
答案：A
答案句：We have long feared that this “revolution in distribution” uses corporate black magic on our appetite. The book The Hidden Persuaders, published in 1957, warned that supermarkets were putting women in a “hypnoidal trance (催眠恍惚状态), ”causing them to wander aisles bumping into boxes and “picking things off shelves at random.”
参考译文：我们长期以来一直担心，这场“分销革命”对我们的食欲使用了企业黑魔法。1957年出版的《隐藏的说服者》一书警告说，超市让女性陷入“催眠恍惚状态”，导致她们在过道里游荡，撞到箱子，“随意从货架上拿东西”。
定位线索：题干“people long feared about supermarkets”→答案句第5段“We have long feared that...”；文中“uses corporate black magic”和“The Hidden Persuaders”对应选项A“use tricky strategies to promote their business”。
解析：题干问人们长期对超市的恐惧，答案句指出人们担心超市使用“corporate black magic”（企业黑魔法），即狡猾的促销策略，对应选项A。选项B“完全取代本地杂货店”无中生有；选项C“对展示商品使用黑魔法”偷换概念，原文是对“appetite”而非商品；选项D“利用女性购物者的弱点”范围缩小，原文虽提到女性，但恐惧对象是普遍策略，且“weaknesses”未提及。