52. What is the critics' argument against organic farming?
- A. It cannot meet the need for food.
- B. It cannot increase farm yields.
- C. It is not really practical.
- D. It is not that productive.
答案：D
答案句：Critics have long argued that organic agriculture is inefficient, requiring more land to yield the same amount of food. It's true that organic farming produces lower yields, averaging 10 to 20 percent less than conventional.
参考译文：批评者长期以来一直认为有机农业效率低下，需要更多土地才能产出同等数量的食物。确实，有机农业产量较低，平均比传统农业低10%到20%。
定位线索：题干“critics' argument against organic farming”→答案句取自第3段“Critics have long argued”；文中“inefficient, requiring more land to yield the same amount of food”和“produces lower yields”对应选项D“not that productive”。
解析：题干问批评者反对有机农业的理由，答案句明确指出批评者认为有机农业“效率低下”、“产量较低”，即选项D“产量不高”。选项A“无法满足食物需求”范围扩大，原文只说产量低10-20%，并未说无法满足需求；选项B“无法提高产量”偷换概念，原文未提及提高产量；选项C“不实际”无中生有，原文未提及。
55. Why does the author think higher prices of organic farm produce are justifiable?
- A. They give farmers going organic a big competitive edge.
- B. They motivate farmers to upgrade farming technology.
- C. Organic farming costs more than conventional farming.
- D. Organic farming does long-term good to the ecosystem.
答案：D
答案句：Despite lower yields, organic agriculture is more profitable for farmers because consumers are willing to pay more. Higher prices, called price premiums, can be justified as a way to compensate farmers for providing ecosystem services and avoiding environmental damage or external costs.
参考译文：尽管产量较低，有机农业对农民来说更有利可图，因为消费者愿意支付更多。更高的价格，称为溢价，可以被证明是合理的，作为补偿农民提供生态系统服务和避免环境损害或外部成本的一种方式。
定位线索：题干“higher prices of organic farm produce are justifiable”→答案句取自最后一段“Higher prices...can be justified”；文中“compensate farmers for providing ecosystem services and avoiding environmental damage”对应选项D“does long-term good to the ecosystem”。
解析：题干问作者为何认为有机农产品高价合理，答案句明确指出高价是“补偿农民提供生态系统服务和避免环境损害”的方式，即选项D“有机农业对生态系统有长期好处”。选项A“给农民竞争优势”无中生有，原文未提及竞争；选项B“激励农民升级技术”无中生有；选项C“有机农业成本更高”偷换概念，原文说的是价格高而非成本高。