51. What does the author say about people making decisions?
- A. They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves.
- B. They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
- C. They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.
- D. They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.
答案：A
答案句：Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls.
参考译文：我们自己的决策能力会在一天的过程中逐渐耗尽，导致犹豫不决或糟糕的选择，但代表他人做选择是一项令人愉快的任务，不会遭遇同样的陷阱。
定位线索：题干“people making decisions”→答案句“Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted”；文中“become depleted”对应选项A“become exhausted”；文中“over the course of the day”对应选项A“by making too many decisions for themselves”。
解析：题干问作者对人们做决定的看法，答案句明确指出我们自己的决策能力会随时间耗尽，导致犹豫不决或糟糕选择，这与选项A“他们可能因为自己做太多决定而筋疲力尽”直接对应。选项B“为他人做决定更谨慎”与原文“为他人做决定是愉快的”矛盾；选项C“按对自己有利的方式做决定”无中生有；选项D“决策能力差异大”原文未提及。
52. What does the example about the physicians illustrate?
- A. Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.
- B. Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients' health.
- C. Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.
- D. Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.
答案：C
答案句：Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so. “Presumably it's because it's simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.
参考译文：例如，已经工作数小时的医生更可能在不明智的情况下给患者开抗生素。“大概是因为开处方并认为病例已了结比进一步调查更简单容易，”波尔曼说。
定位线索：题干“example about the physicians”→答案句“Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example”；文中“more likely to prescribe antibiotics when it's unwise”对应选项C“prevent people making wise decisions”；例子前的观点句“decision fatigue takes a toll on the quality of your choices”是例证核心。
解析：这是例证题，医生例子本身不是答案依据，例子前的观点句“decision fatigue takes a toll on the quality of your choices”（决策疲劳损害选择质量）才是关键，医生开抗生素的例子正是说明决策疲劳导致不明智决定，对应选项C。选项A“患者很少得到应有照顾”过度推断；选项B“抗生素有害健康”例子未提及；选项D“医生特别易受决策疲劳影响”范围扩大，例子仅说明医生长时间工作后易受影响。
53. When do people feel less decision fatigue?
- A. When they take decision shortcuts.
- B. When they help others to make decisions.
- C. When they have major decisions to make.
- D. When they have advisers to turn to.
答案：B
答案句：But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices.
参考译文：但当你为他人做决定时，决策疲劳就会消失。当人们把自己想象成顾问，并把自己的选择想象成属于他人时，他们会感到不那么疲惫，并且在做这些选择时更少依赖决策捷径。
定位线索：题干“feel less decision fatigue”→答案句“decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else”；文中“making the decision for someone else”对应选项B“help others to make decisions”；文中“feel less tired”对应题干“feel less decision fatigue”。
解析：题干问何时人们感到较少决策疲劳，答案句明确指出为他人做决定时决策疲劳消失，且想象自己是顾问时会感到不那么疲惫，这与选项B“当他们帮助他人做决定时”直接对应。选项A“采取决策捷径”与原文“更少依赖决策捷径”相反；选项C“做重大决定”无中生有；选项D“有顾问可求助”偷换概念，原文是把自己当顾问而非求助顾问。
54. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?
- A. They turn to physicians for advice.
- B. They tend to make risky decisions.
- C. They adopt a totally new perspective.
- D. They refrain from trying anything new.
答案：D
答案句：“When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making choices-they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状),” he says. “But the status quo can be problematic, since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome.”
参考译文：“当人们经历决策疲劳——当他们厌倦做选择时——他们倾向于选择维持现状，”他说。“但现状可能有问题，因为行动路线的改变有时可能很重要并带来积极结果。”
定位线索：题干“when decision fatigue sets in”→答案句“When people experience decision fatigue”；文中“choose to go with the status quo”对应选项D“refrain from trying anything new”；文中“tired of making choices”对应题干“decision fatigue sets in”。
解析：题干问决策疲劳发生时人们可能做什么，答案句明确说人们倾向于选择维持现状，即不做改变、不尝试新事物，对应选项D“他们避免尝试任何新事物”。选项A“向医生求助”无中生有；选项B“做出冒险决定”与原文相反，原文说决策疲劳导致维持现状而非冒险；选项C“采取全新视角”与原文“维持现状”矛盾。
55. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?
- A. It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.
- B. It is likely to entail serious consequences.
- C. It will enable people to be more creative.
- D. It will more often than not end in regret.
答案：A
答案句：In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says, “That's not to say that risk is always good, but it is related to taking action whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.”
参考译文：为了获得成功的结果或回报，一定程度的冒险几乎总是必不可少的。“容易受决策疲劳影响的人可能会选择什么都不做，”他说，“这并不是说冒险总是好的，但它与采取行动有关，而决策疲劳必然导致不作为，以及决策者可能的懊恼——他们可能本来更喜欢新路线，但不幸受到阻碍。”
定位线索：题干“taking some risk in decision making”→答案句“some level of risk is almost always essential”；文中“to achieve a successful outcome or reward”对应选项A“vital for one to reach the goal desired”；文中“essential”对应选项A“vital”。
解析：题干问关于决策中冒险的说法，答案句明确指出为了获得成功结果或回报，一定程度的冒险几乎总是必不可少的，这与选项A“对达到期望目标至关重要”直接对应。选项B“可能导致严重后果”无中生有；选项C“使人更有创造力”原文未提及；选项D“往往以遗憾告终”与原文相反，原文说决策疲劳导致不作为和懊恼，而非冒险导致遗憾。