36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they.
- A. exhausted unprecedented management efforts
- B. consumed a record-high percentage of budget
- C. severely damaged the ecology of western states
- D. caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
答案：B
答案句：In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires – nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.
参考译文：2015年，美国林务局首次将55亿美元年度预算的一半以上用于扑灭火灾——这一比例几乎是20年前同类支出的两倍。
定位线索：题干“More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they”→答案句取自第2段“In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires”；文中“spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget”对应选项B“consumed a record-high percentage of budget”。
解析：题干问2015年野火成为全国关注的原因，答案句明确指出林务局首次将超过一半的预算用于灭火，这是历史最高比例，对应B项“consumed a record-high percentage of budget”。A项“exhausted unprecedented management efforts”无中生有，文中未提管理努力；C项“severely damaged the ecology of western states”偷换概念，首段虽提西部但未说生态受损；D项“caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure”答非所问，文中说基础设施维护资金减少而非增加。
37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to.
- A. raise more funds for fire-prone areas
- B. avoid the redirection of federal money
- C. find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
- D. guarantee safer spending of public funds
答案：D
答案句：“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. “We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, ‘Wait a minute, is this OK?’ Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”
参考译文：“从公共支出的角度来看，这已经是整个国家的一个巨大问题，”他说。“我们需要用放大镜来看待这个问题。比如，‘等一下，这样行吗？’我们是否反而想把那些资金重新定向，集中到景观中风险较低的部分？”
定位线索：题干“Moritz calls for the use of 'a magnifying glass' to”→答案句取自第4段“We need to take a magnifying glass to that”；文中“is this OK?”和“redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts”对应选项D“guarantee safer spending of public funds”。
解析：Moritz用放大镜比喻要仔细审视公共支出是否合理，并质疑是否应重新定向资金到低风险区域，核心是确保资金使用更安全，对应D项。A项“raise more funds for fire-prone areas”与原文相反，原文是减少高风险区投入；B项“avoid the redirection of federal money”曲解原意，原文是考虑重新定向；C项“find wildfire-free parts of the landscape”偷换概念，原文是“lower-hazard”而非“wildfire-free”。
38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that.
- A. public debates have not settled yet
- B. fire-fighting conditions are improving
- C. other factors should not be overlooked
- D. a shift in the view of fire has taken place
答案：C
答案句：While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn't come at the expense of the rest of the equation.
参考译文：Moritz说，虽然气候是一个关键因素，但它不应以牺牲等式其余部分为代价。
定位线索：题干“While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that”→答案句取自第7段“While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn't come at the expense of the rest of the equation”；文中“shouldn't come at the expense of the rest of the equation”对应选项C“other factors should not be overlooked”。
解析：Moritz承认气候是关键，但强调不能忽视其他因素，即“the rest of the equation”，对应C项“other factors should not be overlooked”。A项“public debates have not settled yet”无中生有，文中未提争论；B项“fire-fighting conditions are improving”无中生有；D项“a shift in the view of fire has taken place”偷换概念，第5段说需要转变而非已发生。
39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to.
- A. discover the fundamental makeup of nature
- B. explore the mechanism of the human systems
- C. maximize the role of landscape in human life
- D. understand the interrelations of man and nature
答案：D
答案句：“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.
参考译文：“人类系统和我们所居住的景观是相互联系的，而且相互作用是双向的，”他说。他指出，未能认识到这一点，会导致“对可能的解决方案形成过于简化的看法”。
定位线索：题干“The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to”→答案句取自第8段“Failing to recognize that”；文中“recognize that”指代前句“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked”，对应选项D“understand the interrelations of man and nature”。
解析：Moritz指出过于简化的看法源于未能认识到人类系统与景观（自然）的相互联系，即人与自然的相互关系，对应D项。A项“discover the fundamental makeup of nature”范围扩大，原文未提自然基本构成；B项“explore the mechanism of the human systems”偷换概念，原文强调人与自然的联系而非仅人类系统；C项“maximize the role of landscape in human life”无中生有。
40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should.
- A. do away with
- B. come to terms with
- C. pay a price for
- D. keep away from
答案：B
答案句：But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.
参考译文：但她说，承认火在人类生活中不可避免的存在，是制定法律、政策和实践使其尽可能安全的关键态度。
定位线索：题干“Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should”→答案句取自第9段“acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life”；文中“acknowledging fire's inevitable presence”对应选项B“come to terms with”。
解析：Balch认为应承认火的不可避免性，即接受并适应火的存在，对应B项“come to terms with”（接受、妥协）。A项“do away with”（消除）与原文“inevitable presence”矛盾；C项“pay a price for”（付出代价）无中生有；D项“keep away from”（远离）与原文“inevitable presence”矛盾。