36. In the European corporate workplace, generally.
- A. women take the lead
- B. men have the final say
- C. corporate governance is overwhelmed
- D. senior management is family-friendly
答案：B
答案句：Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 per cent of positions on European corporate boards.
参考译文：欧洲并不是一个性别平等的天堂。特别是，在企业职场中，除非女性参与高级管理决策，否则永远不会完全对家庭友好，而欧洲顶级公司治理职位仍然绝大多数由男性占据。事实上，女性在欧洲公司董事会中仅占14%的职位。
定位线索：题干“In the European corporate workplace”→答案句取自第1段“the corporate workplace...Europe's top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male”；文中“remain overwhelmingly male”对应选项B“men have the final say”。
解析：题干问欧洲企业职场总体情况，答案句指出欧洲顶级公司治理职位绝大多数由男性占据，且女性仅占14%，直接对应选项B“men have the final say”（男性有最终决定权）。选项A“women take the lead”与原文相反；选项C“corporate governance is overwhelmed”偷换概念，原文说的是职位被男性占据而非治理被压倒；选项D“senior management is family-friendly”与原文“never be completely family-friendly”矛盾。
37. The European Union’s intended legislation is.
- A. a reflection of gender balance
- B. a response to Reding’s call
- C. a reluctant choice
- D. a voluntary action
答案：C
答案句：The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women – up to 60 per cent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals of 40 per cent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.
参考译文：欧盟目前正在考虑立法，强制公司董事会保持一定比例的女性——高达60%。这一提议的授权源于挫败感。去年，欧盟委员会副主席维维安·雷丁发出了自愿行动的呼吁。雷丁邀请企业签署女性董事会成员占40%的性别平衡目标。但她的呼吁被认为是失败的：只有24家公司响应。
定位线索：题干“The European Union's intended legislation”→答案句取自第2段“The European Union is now considering legislation”；文中“born of frustration”对应选项C“a reluctant choice”（不情愿的选择）。
解析：题干问欧盟拟议立法的性质，答案句指出该立法“born of frustration”（源于挫败感），因为自愿呼吁失败，所以立法是不得已的选择，对应选项C“a reluctant choice”。选项A“a reflection of gender balance”无中生有，立法是强制而非反映；选项B“a response to Reding's call”答非所问，立法是对呼吁失败的回应而非对呼吁的回应；选项D“a voluntary action”与原文“compel”（强制）矛盾。
38. According to Reding, quotas may help women.
- A. get top business positions
- B. see through the glass ceiling
- C. balance work and family
- D. anticipate legal results
答案：A
答案句：“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But I like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.
参考译文：“就个人而言，我不喜欢配额，”雷丁最近说。“但我喜欢配额所起的作用。”配额能带来行动：据雷丁说，它们“为平等开辟道路，并打破玻璃天花板”，这一结果在法国和其他对女性担任高层商业职位有法律约束力规定的国家中可见。
定位线索：题干“According to Reding, quotas may help women”→答案句取自第4段“Quotas get action...placing women in top business positions”；文中“placing women in top business positions”对应选项A“get top business positions”。
解析：题干问雷丁认为配额可能帮助女性做什么，答案句指出配额“open the way to equality”和“break through the glass ceiling”，结果是在法国等国“placing women in top business positions”，直接对应选项A“get top business positions”。选项B“see through the glass ceiling”偷换概念，原文是“break through”（打破）而非“see through”（看穿）；选项C“balance work and family”无中生有，雷丁未提及；选项D“anticipate legal results”无中生有。
39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of.
- A. skepticism
- B. objectiveness
- C. indifference
- D. approval
答案：D
答案句：I understand Reding’s reluctance – and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.
参考译文：我理解雷丁的不情愿——以及她的挫败感。我也不喜欢配额；它们与我信奉的精英管理、能者治理相悖。但是，当考虑到实现精英理想的障碍时，一个更公平的世界确实看起来必须暂时被强制安排。
定位线索：题干“The author's attitude toward Reding's appeal”→答案句取自第5段“I understand Reding's reluctance...a fairer world must be temporarily ordered”；文中“I understand”和“it does look as if”体现作者理解并赞同，对应选项D“approval”。
解析：题干问作者对雷丁呼吁的态度，答案句先表示理解雷丁的不情愿，但转折后认为“a fairer world must be temporarily ordered”，即支持配额，体现赞同态度，对应选项D“approval”。选项A“skepticism”与原文“it does look as if”的肯定语气矛盾；选项B“objectiveness”程度过轻，作者明确表态支持；选项C“indifference”与原文“I understand”的共情矛盾。
40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of.
- A. more social justice
- B. massive media attention
- C. suitable public policies
- D. greater “soft pressure”
答案：C
答案句：When women do break through to the summit of corporate power – as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook – they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule. If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women – whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers – and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.
参考译文：当女性确实突破到公司权力的顶峰时——例如，谢丽尔·桑德伯格最近在脸书就是这样——她们吸引大量关注，恰恰是因为她们仍然是规则中的例外。如果有适当的公共政策来帮助所有女性——无论是CEO还是她们孩子的看护者——以及所有家庭，桑德伯格就不会比生活在更公正社会中的任何其他高能力人士更有新闻价值。
定位线索：题干“Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of”→答案句取自第6-7段“they attract massive attention...If appropriate public policies were in place...Sandberg would be no more newsworthy”；文中“If appropriate public policies were in place”对应选项C“suitable public policies”。
解析：题干问女性进入高层管理成为头条的原因，答案句指出她们成为例外而受关注，但第7段假设“If appropriate public policies were in place”，桑德伯格就不会更有新闻价值，说明缺乏合适的公共政策是根本原因，对应选项C“suitable public policies”。选项A“more social justice”范围过大，公共政策是具体措施；选项B“massive media attention”因果颠倒，媒体关注是结果而非原因；选项D“greater soft pressure”无中生有，原文未提及。