31. The time needed in making decisions may.
- A. predetermine the accuracy of our judgment
- B. prove the complexity of our brain reaction
- C. depend on the importance of the assessment
- D. vary according to the urgency of the situation
答案：D
答案句：Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five.
参考译文：快速决定可能是重要的防御机制；如果我们在判断某人是否危险，我们的大脑和身体会硬连线地在几毫秒内迅速反应。但我们需要更多时间来评估其他因素。研究表明，要准确判断某人是否善于社交，我们至少需要一分钟，最好五分钟。
定位线索：题干“The time needed in making decisions”→答案句“we need more time”“we need at least a minute”；文中“whether someone is dangerous”“whether someone is sociable”对应选项“the urgency of the situation”；文中“react very quickly”“need more time”对应选项“vary according to”。
解析：题干问决策所需时间如何变化。答案句指出，判断危险时反应极快（毫秒级），而判断社交性等复杂因素时需要更长时间（至少一分钟），说明时间随情境紧急程度而变。选项D“vary according to the urgency of the situation”正是对“危险时快、社交时慢”的概括。选项A“predetermine the accuracy”无中生有，文中未提时间与准确性的因果关系；选项B“complexity of our brain reaction”偷换概念，文中说的是评估因素复杂性而非大脑反应；选项C“importance of the assessment”范围扩大，文中未提重要性。
32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions.
- A. can be associative
- B. are not unconscious
- C. can be dangerous
- D. are not impulsive
答案：A
答案句：We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.
参考译文：我们无意识地将快餐与速度和急躁联系在一起，并将这些冲动带入我们所做的其他任何事情中。接触过快餐闪图的人还倾向于认为一段音乐持续得太长。
定位线索：题干“Our reaction to a fast-food logo”→答案句“associate fast food with speed and impatience”；文中“associate”对应选项“associative”；文中“unconsciously”对应选项“can be associative”的“can”。
解析：题干问对快餐标志的反应说明了什么。答案句明确指出我们“unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience”，即快速决定具有联想性。选项A“can be associative”正是对“associate”的同义转述。选项B“are not unconscious”与原文“unconsciously”直接矛盾；选项C“can be dangerous”无中生有，文中未提危险；选项D“are not impulsive”与原文“carry those impulses”矛盾。
33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should.
- A. trust our first impression
- B. think before we act
- C. do as people usually do
- D. ask for expert advice
答案：B
答案句：Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying.
参考译文：然而，我们可以逆转这些影响。如果我们知道在看到笑脸时会对消费品或住房选择过度反应（这是优秀销售代表和房地产经纪人总是微笑的一个原因），我们可以在购买前花点时间思考。
定位线索：题干“To reverse the negative influences”→答案句“we can reverse such influences”；文中“take a moment before buying”对应选项“think before we act”；文中“If we know”对应题干“we should”。
解析：题干问如何逆转快速决定的负面影响。答案句提出“we can take a moment before buying”，即购买前暂停思考。选项B“think before we act”正是对“take a moment”的同义转述。选项A“trust our first impression”与原文“overreact”矛盾；选项C“do as people usually do”无中生有；选项D“ask for expert advice”偷换概念，文中未提专家建议。
34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on.
- A. critical assessment
- B. “thin sliced” study
- C. adequate information
- D. sensible explanation
答案：C
答案句：John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.
参考译文：婚姻专家约翰·戈特曼解释说，只有在我们把这种快速反应建立在“厚切片”的长期研究基础上之后，我们才能可靠地快速“薄切片”信息。当戈特曼博士真正想评估一对夫妇是否会在一起时，他会邀请他们到他的岛上度假地进行更长时间的评估：两天，而不是两秒。
定位线索：题干“John Gottman says”→答案句“John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains”；文中“ground such snap reactions in 'thick sliced' long-term study”对应选项“adequate information”；文中“long-term study”“two days”对应选项“adequate information”。
解析：题干问可靠的快速反应基于什么。答案句指出，快速“薄切片”信息可靠的前提是“ground such snap reactions in 'thick sliced' long-term study”，即长期研究提供的充分信息。选项C“adequate information”正是对“long-term study”“thick sliced”的概括。选项B“'thin sliced' study”偷换概念，文中说“thin slice”是快速反应本身而非基础；选项A“critical assessment”无中生有；选项D“sensible explanation”无中生有。
35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is.
- A. tolerant
- B. optimistic
- C. uncertain
- D. Doubtful
答案：B
答案句：We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.
参考译文：我们仍然拥有超越诱惑并逆转高速趋势的想象能力。
定位线索：题干“author's attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend”→答案句“We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend”；文中“We still have”“capacity”对应选项“optimistic”。
解析：题干问作者对逆转高速趋势的态度。答案句使用“We still have the imaginative capacity”，“still”和“capacity”表明作者相信人类有能力逆转，态度积极。选项B“optimistic”正是对“We still have...capacity”的体现。选项A“tolerant”程度过轻，文中是积极肯定而非容忍；选项C“uncertain”与“We still have”矛盾；选项D“doubtful”与“capacity”矛盾。