31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’.
- A. prosperity and growth
- B. efficiency and practicality
- C. restraint and confidence
- D. pride and faithfulness
答案：C
答案句：But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.
参考译文：但说到他们的房子，那是一个崇尚常识和相信“少即是多”的时代。在大萧条和战争期间，美国人学会了节制，而这种节制，加上战后对未来的信心，使得小而高效的住房变得非常时尚。
定位线索：题干“postwar American housing style”对应答案句“postwar confidence”和“small, efficient housing”；文中“restraint”和“confidence”分别对应选项C的“restraint”和“confidence”。
解析：题干问战后美国住房风格主要反映了美国人的什么。答案句明确指出“that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish”，即“节制”和“信心”共同塑造了这种风格，直接对应选项C“restraint and confidence”。选项A“prosperity and growth”是文章开头对战后整体的描述，但并非住房风格的原因；选项B“efficiency and practicality”是住房特点而非美国人态度；选项D“pride and faithfulness”在文中无依据。
32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?
- A. It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
- B. Its designing concept was affected by World War II.
- C. Most American architects used to be associated with it.
- D. It had a great influence upon American architecture.
答案：D
答案句：The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.
参考译文：“少即是多”这句话实际上是由德国建筑师路德维希·密斯·凡·德·罗首先推广的，他和其他与包豪斯设计学院有关的人一样，在二战前移民到美国，并在美国建筑学院任职。这些设计师对美国建筑的发展产生了巨大影响，但没有人比密斯的影响更大。
定位线索：题干“inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus”定位到第3段；文中“These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture”对应选项D“It had a great influence upon American architecture”。
解析：题干要求从第3段推断关于包豪斯的信息。答案句提到与包豪斯相关的人（包括密斯）移民美国并任职，且“These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture”，由此可推断包豪斯对美国建筑有巨大影响，对应选项D。选项A错误，文中只说密斯推广了“less is more”，未说包豪斯由他创立；选项B无中生有，文中未提及二战对包豪斯设计理念的影响；选项C范围扩大，文中只说“other people associated with the Bauhaus”移民，未说大多数美国建筑师与其相关。
33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design.
- A. was related to large space
- B. was identified with emptiness
- C. was not reliant on abundant decoration
- D. was not associated with efficiency
答案：C
答案句：Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance.
参考译文：密斯的标志性短语意味着，精心组织的少量装饰比大量装饰更有影响力。他认为，优雅并非源于丰富。
定位线索：题干“Mies held that elegance of architectural design”对应答案句“Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance”；文中“did not derive from abundance”对应选项C“was not reliant on abundant decoration”。
解析：题干问密斯对建筑设计优雅的看法。答案句明确说“Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance”，即优雅不依赖于丰富（的装饰），直接对应选项C“was not reliant on abundant decoration”。选项A和B与“did not derive from abundance”相反；选项D无中生有，文中未说优雅与效率无关。
34. What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?
- A. They ignored details and proportions.
- B. They were built with materials popular at that time.
- C. They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.
- D. They shared some characteristics of abstract art.
答案：D
答案句：The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller – two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet – than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.
参考译文：例如，密斯在芝加哥湖滨大道上建造的优雅塔楼中的公寓，比城市黄金海岸沿线较老邻居的公寓要小——两居室单元不到1000平方英尺。但它们很受欢迎，因为其通透的玻璃墙、所提供的美景以及建筑细节和比例的优雅，这在建筑上等同于当时非常流行的抽象艺术。
定位线索：题干“apartments Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive”定位到第4段；文中“the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time”对应选项D“They shared some characteristics of abstract art”。
解析：题干问关于密斯在芝加哥湖滨大道建造的公寓，哪项正确。答案句提到这些公寓“the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time”，即与当时流行的抽象艺术有相似之处，对应选项D。选项A错误，文中说“elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions”，说明重视细节和比例；选项B错误，文中说材料“symbolized the future”而非当时流行；选项C错误，文中明确说“were smaller”而非更宽敞。
35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study Houses”?
- A. Mechanical devices were widely used.
- B. Natural scenes were taken into consideration.
- C. Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.
- D. Eco-friendly materials were employed.
答案：B
答案句：The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing.
参考译文：1945年至1962年间，加州《艺术与建筑》杂志委托才华横溢的现代建筑师设计的“案例研究住宅”是对“少即是多”趋势的另一个本土影响。美学效果来自景观、新材料和直率的细节处理。
定位线索：题干“design of the ‘Case Study Houses’”定位到第6段；文中“Aesthetic effect came from the landscape”对应选项B“Natural scenes were taken into consideration”（“landscape”即自然景观）。
解析：题干问关于“案例研究住宅”的设计我们能了解到什么。答案句说“Aesthetic effect came from the landscape”，即美学效果来自景观，说明设计考虑了自然景观，对应选项B“Natural scenes were taken into consideration”。选项A错误，文中提到“few American families acquired helicopters”，说明机械装置并未广泛使用；选项C错误，文中说“forthright detailing”而非牺牲细节；选项D错误，文中说“new materials”而非环保材料。