31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap.
- A. should be further cultivated
- B. should be changed gradually
- C. are deeply rooted in history
- D. are basically private concerns
答案：A
答案句：“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”
参考译文：“有一些基本的公共卫生问题，比如没有用肥皂洗手习惯的脏手，这些问题仍然是杀手，仅仅是因为我们想不出如何改变人们的习惯，”伦敦卫生与热带医学院卫生中心主任柯蒂斯博士说。“我们想向私营行业学习如何创造自动发生的新行为。”
定位线索：题干“According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap”→答案句取自第1段柯蒂斯博士的引语；文中“how to change people’s habits”和“create new behaviors that happen automatically”对应选项A“should be further cultivated”（应进一步培养）。
解析：题干问柯蒂斯博士对用肥皂洗手这类习惯的看法。答案句明确指出“我们想学习如何创造自动发生的新行为”，即希望培养这类好习惯，因此A正确。B“应逐渐改变”偷换概念，原文说的是改变坏习惯而非洗手习惯；C“根植于历史”和D“基本是私人问题”在原文中均无依据，属于无中生有。
32. Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to.
- A. reveal their impact on people’s habits
- B. show the urgent need of daily necessities
- C. indicate their effect on people’s buying power
- D. manifest the significant role of good habits
答案：A
答案句：A few decades ago, many people didn't't drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
参考译文：几十年前，许多人在饭外不喝水。后来饮料公司开始灌装遥远泉水的产品，现在办公室职员整天不假思索地喝瓶装水。口香糖曾经主要由青春期男孩购买，现在在商业广告中被宣传为饭后使用的口气清新剂和牙齿清洁剂。润肤霜被广告宣传为早晨美容仪式的一部分，穿插在梳头和化妆之间。
定位线索：题干“Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to”→答案句取自第5段列举的三种产品；文中“unthinkingly sip bottled water”“featured in commercials”“advertised as”对应选项A“reveal their impact on people’s habits”（揭示它们对人们习惯的影响）。
解析：本题为例证题，例子本身（瓶装水、口香糖、润肤霜）不是答案依据，关键在于例子所体现的“产品通过广告改变人们日常行为”这一观点。第5段通过对比“过去”和“现在”的行为，说明这些产品通过广告宣传改变了人们的习惯，因此A正确。B“日常必需品的紧迫需求”和C“购买力”在文中未提及；D“好习惯的重要作用”范围过大，且原文并未评价这些习惯的好坏。
33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?
- A. Tide.
- B. Crest.
- C. Colgate.
- D. Unilever.
答案：D
答案句：The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to – Procter & Gamble, Colgate- Palmolive and Unilever – had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.
参考译文：柯蒂斯博士求助的公司——宝洁、高露洁-棕榄和联合利华——已经投资了数亿美元，寻找消费者生活中的微妙线索，企业可以利用这些线索引入新的日常习惯。
定位线索：题干“Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?”→答案句取自第2段列举的公司；文中“Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever”是公司名称，而选项A“Tide”、B“Crest”、C“Colgate”是产品品牌，D“Unilever”是公司，因此D不属于产品。
解析：题干问哪个不属于帮助创造人们习惯的产品。答案句明确列出三家公司，而第3段提到“Tide, Crest”等产品，第1段提到“Colgate”品牌，因此A、B、C都是产品，D“Unilever”是公司名称，不属于产品，故D正确。此题考查对“产品”与“公司”概念的区分。
34. From the text we know that some of consumers’ habits are developed due to.
- A. perfected art of products
- B. automatic behavior creation
- C. commercial promotions
- D. scientific experiments
答案：C
答案句：Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.
参考译文：今天，由于精明的广告和公共卫生运动，许多美国人习惯性地每天两次给他们的珍珠白牙齿做防蛀清洁，通常使用高露洁、佳洁士或其他品牌之一。
定位线索：题干“some of consumers’ habits are developed due to”→答案句取自第3段；文中“because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns”对应选项C“commercial promotions”（商业推广）。
解析：题干问消费者的一些习惯是如何形成的。答案句明确指出“由于精明的广告和公共卫生运动”，人们养成了刷牙习惯，因此C“商业推广”正确。A“完善的产品艺术”偷换概念，原文说的是“完善创造习惯的艺术”而非产品；B“自动行为创造”是结果而非原因；D“科学实验”在文中虽提及但并非习惯形成的原因，属于答非所问。
35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is
- A. indifferent
- B. negative
- C. positive
- D. biased
答案：B
答案句：Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
参考译文：通过实验和观察，像伯宁博士这样的社会科学家已经了解到，通过无情的广告将某些行为与习惯性线索联系起来是有力量的。随着这门新的习惯科学的出现，当这些策略被用来销售有问题的美容霜或不健康的食品时，争议就爆发了。
定位线索：题干“author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits”→答案句取自最后一段；文中“ruthless advertising”“controversies have erupted”“questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods”对应选项B“negative”（消极的）。
解析：题干问作者对广告影响人们习惯的态度。答案句使用“ruthless”（无情的）、“controversies”（争议）、“questionable”（有问题的）、“unhealthy”（不健康的）等负面词汇，表明作者对广告影响持消极态度，因此B正确。A“漠不关心”与作者明确表达批评不符；C“积极”与原文负面评价相反；D“有偏见的”在文中无依据，作者是基于事实的批评而非偏见。