36. The author mentions the artifacts from the past to ____
- A. introduce the collection of antiques.
- B. contrast them with everyday items.
- C. bring up the issue of preservation.
- D. comment on their historical value.
答案：C
答案句：Visit any antiques store and you’ll encounter artifacts from the past: photographs, letters, a brochure detailing the Sinclair dinosaur exhibit from the 1964-1965 World’s Fair, the ephemera of history. Yet these objects aren't truly ephemeral, because they’re still here, decades, even centuries later. Why? Because they’re tangible. … Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information, given that those who produce these artifacts seldom make provision for their long-term preservation?
参考译文：走进任何一家古董店，你都会遇到来自过去的物品：照片、信件、一份详细介绍1964-1965年世界博览会辛克莱恐龙展的小册子，这些历史的短暂遗存。然而这些物品并非真正短暂易逝，因为它们至今仍在，几十年甚至几个世纪后依然存在。为什么？因为它们是实体的。……你是否思考过无形格式——数字信息——的生命周期，考虑到那些制造这些物品的人很少为其长期保存做出安排？
定位线索：题干“mentions the artifacts from the past”→答案句取自第1段“Visit any antiques store and you’ll encounter artifacts from the past”；文中“artifacts from the past”对应选项“preservation”（引出保存问题）；文中“long-term preservation”对应选项“preservation”。
解析：题干问作者提及过去物品的目的，答案句先列举具体物品（例子本身），随后用“Yet”转折引出“they’re still here”，并追问“Why? Because they’re tangible”，紧接着第二段提出“Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats...long-term preservation?”，可见例子是为了引出保存问题。正确选项C是对“preservation”的同义转述。例子本身（列举物品）不是答案依据，例子后面的观点句“Have you pondered...long-term preservation?”才是关键。A项“介绍古董收藏”是例子表面内容，属答非所问；B项“与日常物品对比”和D项“评论历史价值”均无原文依据，属无中生有。
37. Compared with digital objects, tangible artifacts ____
- A. are less subject to their creators’ neglect.
- B. convey information in a more direct way.
- C. require more intentional preservation.
- D. are less likely to suffer serious damage.
答案：B
答案句：At the time of creation, no attempts were made at intentional preservation, yet analog materials have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers, historians, and novelists rely on. … Even when a digital object is preserved, it may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself.
参考译文：在创作之时，没有人有意进行保存，然而模拟材料有机会幸存下来，并作为传记作者、历史学家和小说家所依赖的历史记录。……即使一个数字对象被保存下来，可能保存的只是载体，而不是信息本身。
定位线索：题干“Compared with digital objects, tangible artifacts”→答案句取自第2段“analog materials”和第5段“digital object”；文中“analog materials”对应题干“tangible artifacts”；文中“the thing itself is the medium that delivers the information”（前文）对应选项“convey information in a more direct way”。
解析：题干比较实体物品与数字对象，答案句指出模拟材料（实体物品）“have a chance of surviving”且“serving as the historical record”，而第5段说数字对象“may only be the carrier that’s saved, not the information itself”，说明实体物品本身即信息载体，传递信息更直接。正确选项B是对“the thing itself is the medium that delivers the information”的同义转述。A项“较少受创作者忽视”与原文“often despite their original creators’ neglect”矛盾；C项“需要更多有意保存”与原文“no attempts were made at intentional preservation”相反；D项“不太可能遭受严重损坏”无原文依据，属无中生有。
38. According to Paragraph 3, librarians’ work may result in ____
- A. oversupply of materials.
- B. undervaluation of libraries.
- C. researchers’ underperformance.
- D. users’ overreliance on technology.
答案：B
答案句：Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization, preservation, and access to information. Thus, librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers the world over can quickly search and access their holdings. The result is an embarrassment of historical riches, which brings its own needle-and-haystack problems.
参考译文：图书馆和档案馆传统上承担着组织、保存和获取信息的责任。因此，图书馆员将实体物品数字化，以便世界各地的研究人员能快速搜索和访问他们的馆藏。结果是历史财富多得令人尴尬，这带来了它自己的大海捞针式的问题。
定位线索：题干“According to Paragraph 3, librarians’ work may result in”→答案句取自第3段“The result is an embarrassment of historical riches”；文中“embarrassment of historical riches”对应选项“undervaluation of libraries”（财富过多导致图书馆价值被低估）。
解析：题干问图书馆员工作的结果，答案句指出“The result is an embarrassment of historical riches”，即数字化导致历史资料过多，反而带来问题。结合第4段“users point to universality of access...as evidence that libraries are less vital”，可知这种丰富导致图书馆价值被低估。正确选项B是对“embarrassment of historical riches”及后续“less vital”的推断。A项“材料供应过剩”是字面意思，但“embarrassment”含贬义，且第4段明确指向图书馆价值问题；C项“研究人员表现不佳”和D项“用户过度依赖技术”均无原文依据，属无中生有。
39. The “ZIP disk” is cited as an example to show ____
- A. the hazard of retrieving files through unusual means.
- B. the infeasibility of constantly migrating digital assets.
- C. the possibility of losing information in obsolete formats.
- D. the inconvenience of storing information on analog devices.
答案：C
答案句：Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk, thinking: how do I get the files off this? Without constant migration of digital assets, a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night: a historical record that abruptly stops when digital replace analog.
参考译文：你是否曾无助地盯着ZIP磁盘，心想：我怎样才能把文件从里面取出来？如果没有对数字资产的持续迁移，一个关于可预见未来的噩梦让历史学家夜不能寐：当数字取代模拟时，历史记录会突然中断。
定位线索：题干“The 'ZIP disk' is cited as an example”→答案句取自第6段“stared helplessly at a ZIP disk”；文中“ZIP disk”对应选项“obsolete formats”；文中“how do I get the files off this”和“historical record that abruptly stops”对应选项“losing information”。
解析：题干问ZIP磁盘例子的作用，答案句先描述例子（无助地盯着ZIP磁盘），随后用“Without constant migration...”引出观点：格式过时导致信息无法获取，历史记录中断。正确选项C是对“historical record that abruptly stops”的同义转述。例子本身（ZIP磁盘）不是答案依据，例子后面的观点句“Without constant migration...abruptly stops”才是关键。A项“通过不寻常方式检索文件的危险”偷换概念，原文是格式过时而非检索方式；B项“持续迁移数字资产不可行”与原文“Without constant migration”相反，原文强调迁移的必要性；D项“模拟设备存储不便”答非所问，ZIP磁盘是数字设备。
40. Which of the following statements best summarizes the text?
- A. Hard work should be done to preserve artifacts.
- B. Contributions of librarians should be recognized.
- C. Accessing databases is essential to researchers.
- D. Keeping digital historical records is a challenge.
答案：D
答案句：Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats, digital information, given that those who produce these artifacts seldom make provision for their long-term preservation? … Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog. … Without constant migration of digital assets, a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night: a historical record that abruptly stops when digital replace analog. … Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of librarians devoted to discovering, organizing, and preserving digital information for researchers current and future.
参考译文：你是否思考过无形格式——数字信息——的生命周期，考虑到那些制造这些物品的人很少为其长期保存做出安排？……数字信息比模拟信息需要更多的照料。……如果没有对数字资产的持续迁移，一个关于可预见未来的噩梦让历史学家夜不能寐：当数字取代模拟时，历史记录会突然中断。……然而研究人员可以感到些许安慰，因为有大量图书馆员致力于为当前和未来的研究人员发现、组织和保存数字信息。
定位线索：题干“best summarizes the text”→答案句取自第2段“Have you pondered...long-term preservation”、第4段“Digital information requires...more care”、第6段“Without constant migration...abruptly stops”、第7段“librarians devoted to...preserving digital information”；文中“long-term preservation”“requires a great deal more care”“abruptly stops”对应选项“challenge”。
解析：题干问全文主旨，答案句贯穿全文：第2段提出数字信息保存问题，第4段强调数字信息需更多照料，第6段指出不迁移会导致历史记录中断，第7段提到图书馆员努力但无全面解决方案。这些共同说明保存数字历史记录是挑战。正确选项D是对全文核心论点的概括。A项“应努力保存物品”范围过宽，原文聚焦数字信息；B项“应认可图书馆员贡献”是文中细节，非主旨；C项“访问数据库对研究人员至关重要”无原文依据，属无中生有。