26. According to the first two paragraphs, CCT programs aim to
- A. facilitate healthcare reform.
- B. help poor families get better off.
- C. improve local education systems.
- D. lower deforestation rates.
答案：B
答案句：In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care. Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty.
参考译文：2007年，印度尼西亚开始逐步实施一项计划，在特定条件下向其最贫困居民提供资金，例如要求人们让孩子上学或定期接受医疗护理。这些被称为有条件现金转移（CCTs）的社会援助项目旨在减少不平等并打破贫困循环。
定位线索：题干“CCT programs aim to”→答案句“these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty”；文中“reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty”对应选项B“help poor families get better off”（帮助贫困家庭改善状况）。
解析：题干问CCT项目的目的，答案句明确指出其设计目的是“reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty”，即减少不平等、打破贫困循环，这与选项B“help poor families get better off”（帮助贫困家庭改善状况）同义。选项A“facilitate healthcare reform”和C“improve local education systems”只是项目条件中的具体措施，并非目的；选项D“lower deforestation rates”是后文研究发现的附带效应，并非项目设计目的。
27. The study based on an area in Mexico is cited to show that
- A. cattle raising has been a major means of livelihood for the poor.
- B. CCT programs have helped preserve traditional lifestyles.
- C. antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers.
- D. economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation.
答案：D
答案句：That’s because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty. However, those correlations don’t prove cause and effect. The only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view. There, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, Ferraro says.
参考译文：这是因为经济增长可能与环境退化相关，而保护环境有时与更大的贫困相关。然而，这些相关性并不能证明因果关系。唯一一项基于墨西哥某地区（已实施CCTs）的因果分析研究支持了传统观点。费拉罗说，在那里，随着人们获得更多钱，其中一些人可能清理更多土地来养牛以获取肉类。
定位线索：题干“The study based on an area in Mexico is cited to show”→答案句“The only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view”；文中“supported the traditional view”对应选项D“economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation”（经济增长往往导致环境退化）。
解析：题干问墨西哥研究被引用的目的，答案句明确说该研究“supported the traditional view”，而前文指出传统观点是“economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation”，即经济增长与环境退化相关，这与选项D一致。例子本身（墨西哥农民用钱清理土地养牛）不是答案依据，其前面的观点句“economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation”才是关键。选项A“cattle raising has been a major means of livelihood”是例子细节，非观点；选项B“CCT programs have helped preserve traditional lifestyles”和C“antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers”在原文无依据。
28. In his study about Indonesia, Ferraro intends to find out
- A. its acceptance level of CCTs.
- B. its annual rate of poverty alleviation.
- C. the relation of CCTs to its forest loss.
- D. the role of its forests in climate change.
答案：C
答案句：Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation. Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates. Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012—including during Indonesia’s phase-in of the antipoverty program—in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces.
参考译文：费拉罗想看看印度尼西亚的扶贫项目是否影响了森林砍伐。印度尼西亚拥有世界第三大热带森林面积，且森林砍伐率最高之一。费拉罗分析了2008年至2012年（包括印度尼西亚反贫困计划逐步实施期间）15个省7468个森林村庄的年度森林损失卫星数据。
定位线索：题干“Ferraro intends to find out”→答案句“Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation”；文中“affecting deforestation”对应选项C“the relation of CCTs to its forest loss”（CCTs与其森林损失的关系）。
解析：题干问费拉罗研究印度尼西亚的目的，答案句直接说“wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation”，即想探究扶贫项目是否影响森林砍伐，这与选项C“the relation of CCTs to its forest loss”（CCTs与森林损失的关系）对应。选项A“its acceptance level of CCTs”和B“its annual rate of poverty alleviation”在原文未提及；选项D“the role of its forests in climate change”是后文研究价值的一部分，非研究目的。
29. According to Ferraro, the CCT program in Indonesia is most valuable in that
- A. it will benefit other Asian countries.
- B. it will reduce regional inequality.
- C. it can protect the environment.
- D. it can benefit grain production.
答案：C
答案句：And regardless of transferability, the study shows that what’s good for people may also be good for the environment. Even if this program didn't reduce poverty, Ferraro says, “the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs.”
参考译文：无论可转移性如何，研究表明，对人们有益的事物也可能对环境有益。费拉罗说，即使这个项目没有减少贫困，“仅就避免森林砍伐对二氧化碳排放的价值而言，就超过了项目成本。”
定位线索：题干“most valuable in that”→答案句“the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs”；文中“avoided deforestation”对应选项C“it can protect the environment”（它可以保护环境）。
解析：题干问CCT项目在印度尼西亚最有价值之处，答案句明确指出避免森林砍伐的价值（仅二氧化碳排放方面）就超过项目成本，即项目能保护环境，这与选项C“it can protect the environment”对应。选项A“it will benefit other Asian countries”是费拉罗的推测，非最有价值之处；选项B“it will reduce regional inequality”是项目设计目的，但非此处强调的价值；选项D“it can benefit grain production”在原文未提及。
30. What is the text centered on?
- A. The effects of a program.
- B. The debates over a program.
- C. The process of a study.
- D. The transferability of a study.
答案：A
答案句：Last year marked the third year in a row that Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace. One reason for the turnaround may be the country’s antipoverty program. … But CCT programs don’t generally consider effects on the environment. … Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though. … And regardless of transferability, the study shows that what’s good for people may also be good for the environment.
参考译文：去年是印度尼西亚森林砍伐率连续第三年放缓。这一转变的一个原因可能是该国的反贫困计划。……但CCT项目通常不考虑对环境的影响。……然而，这类项目不一定对环境产生负面影响。……无论可转移性如何，研究表明，对人们有益的事物也可能对环境有益。
定位线索：题干“text centered on”→答案句首段“One reason for the turnaround may be the country’s antipoverty program”及末段“what’s good for people may also be good for the environment”；文中“antipoverty program”和“effects on the environment”对应选项A“The effects of a program”（一个项目的影响）。
解析：文章首段提出印度尼西亚森林砍伐放缓可能与反贫困计划有关，随后详细讨论该计划（CCTs）对环境的影响，末段总结其价值，全文围绕CCT项目的影响展开，这与选项A“The effects of a program”一致。选项B“The debates over a program”虽有提及传统观点，但非中心；选项C“The process of a study”描述研究过程，但非主旨；选项D“The transferability of a study”只是末段一部分。