31. What is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind?
- A. It caused conflicts among tech giants.
- B. It failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights.
- C. It fell short of the latter’s expectations.
- D. It put both sides into a dangerous situation.
答案：B
答案句：It is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy.
参考译文：正是在这种背景下，信息专员伊丽莎白·德纳姆对英国国家医疗服务体系下属的皇家自由医院信托基金发布了严厉的裁决，该信托基金在2015年基于一份模糊的协议将160万患者的记录交给了DeepMind，而该协议对患者的权利及其隐私期望考虑得太少。
定位线索：题干“agreement between the NHS and DeepMind”→答案句“a vague agreement”；文中“took far too little account of the patients’ rights”对应选项B“failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights”。
解析：题干问NHS与DeepMind之间协议的真实情况，答案句明确指出该协议“took far too little account of the patients’ rights”，即对患者权利关注不足，与选项B“failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights”同义转述。选项A“caused conflicts among tech giants”在原文中无依据，属于无中生有；选项C“fell short of the latter’s expectations”偷换概念，原文说的是未考虑患者权利而非DeepMind的期望；选项D“put both sides into a dangerous situation”程度过重，原文仅提及协议模糊，未说双方陷入危险。
32. The NHS trust responded to Denham’s verdict with
- A. empty promises.
- B. tough resistance.
- C. necessary adjustments.
- D. sincere apologies.
答案：C
答案句：The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements – and there may be many – between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned.
参考译文：NHS信托基金已经改正了其做法。NHS与DeepMind之间的进一步安排——可能还有很多——将受到仔细审查，以确保已向患者征求所有必要的许可，并清除所有不必要的数据。
定位线索：题干“The NHS trust responded to Denham’s verdict”→答案句“The NHS trust has mended its ways”；文中“mended its ways”对应选项C“necessary adjustments”。
解析：题干问NHS信托基金对德纳姆裁决的回应，答案句首句“The NHS trust has mended its ways”意为“改正了做法”，即做出了必要调整，与选项C“necessary adjustments”直接对应。选项A“empty promises”无中生有，原文未提及空头承诺；选项B“tough resistance”与原文“mended its ways”矛盾；选项D“sincere apologies”偷换概念，原文说“DeepMind has almost apologized”，但NHS信托基金是“mended its ways”而非道歉。
33. The author argues in Paragraph 2 that
- A. privacy protection must be secured at all costs.
- B. leaking patients’ data is worse than selling it.
- C. making profits from patients’ data is illegal.
- D. the value of data comes from the processing of it.
答案：D
答案句：But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed” it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.
参考译文：但隐私不是本案唯一的角度，甚至不是最重要的。德纳姆女士选择将责任集中在NHS信托基金上，因为根据现行法律，它“控制”数据，而DeepMind只是“处理”数据。但这种区分忽略了关键点：正是处理和聚合，而非仅仅拥有数据位，才赋予数据价值。
定位线索：题干“Paragraph 2”→答案句取自第2段“it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value”；文中“processing and aggregation”对应选项D“the value of data comes from the processing of it”。
解析：题干问作者在第2段的论点，答案句末句明确指出“it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value”，即数据处理和聚合赋予数据价值，与选项D“the value of data comes from the processing of it”直接对应。选项A“privacy protection must be secured at all costs”与原文“privacy is not the only angle”矛盾；选项B“leaking patients’ data is worse than selling it”无中生有，原文未比较泄露和出售；选项C“making profits from patients’ data is illegal”偷换概念，原文未提及非法获利。
34. According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is
- A. the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.
- B. the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.
- C. the uncontrolled use of new software.
- D. the monopoly of big data by tech giants.
答案：D
答案句：It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that drugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharma has done.
参考译文：仅仅说DeepMind开发的算法将惠及患者并拯救生命是不够的。重要的是，它们将属于一个利用公共资源开发它们的私人垄断企业。如果软件承诺像药物现在那样大规模拯救生命，那么大数据可能会像大型制药公司那样行事。
定位线索：题干“the last paragraph”“the real worry”→答案句取自末段“What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly”；文中“private monopoly”对应选项D“the monopoly of big data by tech giants”。
解析：题干问末段中该交易引发的真正担忧，答案句“What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly”明确指出核心问题是私人垄断，与选项D“the monopoly of big data by tech giants”对应。选项A“the vicious rivalry among big pharmas”偷换概念，原文说大数据可能像大型制药公司一样行事，但未提恶性竞争；选项B“the ineffective enforcement of privacy law”答非所问，原文提及隐私法“maladapted”但非真正担忧；选项C“the uncontrolled use of new software”无中生有，原文未提及软件使用失控。
35. The author’s attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is
- A. ambiguous.
- B. cautious.
- C. appreciative.
- D. contemptuous.
答案：B
答案句：We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham’s report is a welcome start.
参考译文：我们仍处于这场革命的开始阶段，现在的小选择日后可能产生巨大的后果。要避免数字封建主义的未来，需要长期斗争。德纳姆女士的报告是一个受欢迎的起点。
定位线索：题干“author’s attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare”→答案句“small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later”“A long struggle will be needed”；文中“gigantic consequences”“long struggle”体现谨慎态度，对应选项B“cautious”。
解析：题干问作者对AI应用于医疗的态度，答案句“small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later”和“A long struggle will be needed”表明作者认为需谨慎对待，因为后果重大且需长期斗争，与选项B“cautious”（谨慎的）一致。选项A“ambiguous”（模糊的）不准确，作者态度明确；选项C“appreciative”（赞赏的）程度过重，作者虽认可报告是“welcome start”但整体谨慎；选项D“contemptuous”（轻蔑的）与原文不符，作者未表示轻蔑。