36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?
- A. Critical.
- B. Appreciative.
- C. Contemptuous.
- D. Tolerant.
答案：A
答案句：“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.
参考译文：美国艺术与科学学院（AAAS）刚刚发布的报告《问题的核心》值得称赞，因为它肯定了人文学科和社会科学对美国自由民主的繁荣与安全的重要性。然而，遗憾的是，该报告未能解决自由教育所面临危机的真正本质，这可能弊大于利。
定位线索：题干“According to Paragraph 1”定位第1段；文中“deserves praise”与“Regrettably, however... may cause more harm than good”体现作者先褒后贬的态度；文中“failure to address... may cause more harm than good”对应选项A“Critical（批评的）”。
解析：题干问作者对AAAS报告的态度。答案句先肯定报告“deserves praise”，但随即用“Regrettably, however”转折，指出其“failure... may cause more harm than good”，表明作者总体持批评态度，故A正确。B“Appreciative”只看到前半部分肯定，忽略转折；C“Contemptuous”程度过重，文中无蔑视之意；D“Tolerant”无中生有。
37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to
- A. define the government’s role in education.
- B. safeguard individuals’ rights to education.
- C. retain people’s interest in liberal education.
- D. keep a leading position in liberal education.
答案：D
答案句：In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”
参考译文：2010年，国会的主要民主党人和共和党人致信AAAS，要求其确定“联邦、州和地方政府、大学、基金会、教育工作者、个人捐助者及其他方面”可以采取的行动，以“保持国家在人文学科和社会科学学术研究与教育方面的卓越地位”。
定位线索：题干“Influential figures in the Congress”对应文中“leading congressional Democrats and Republicans”；文中“maintain national excellence”对应选项D“keep a leading position”；题干“required that”对应文中“asking that”。
解析：题干问国会中有影响力的人物要求AAAS报告如何做。答案句明确提到国会两党人士要求AAAS确定行动以“maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education”，即保持领先地位，与D“keep a leading position in liberal education”同义。A“define the government’s role”无中生有；B“safeguard individuals’ rights”偷换概念；C“retain people’s interest”文中未提及。
38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests
- A. an exclusive study of American history.
- B. a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.
- C. the application of emerging technologies.
- D. funding for the study of foreign languages.
答案：C
答案句：The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies.
参考译文：报告中确定的目标总体上是令人钦佩的。因为代议制政府以有知识的公民为前提，报告支持全民读写能力；强调学习历史和政府，特别是美国历史和美国政府；并鼓励使用新的数字技术。
定位线索：题干“According to Paragraph 3”定位第3段；文中“encourages the use of new digital technologies”对应选项C“the application of emerging technologies”；文中“new digital technologies”与选项“emerging technologies”同义改写。
解析：题干问报告建议什么。答案句提到报告“encourages the use of new digital technologies”，即鼓励使用新的数字技术，与C“the application of emerging technologies”对应。A“exclusive study of American history”中“exclusive”程度过重，原文只是“particularly”；B“greater emphasis on theoretical subjects”无中生有；D“funding for the study of foreign languages”偷换概念，原文说“advocates greater study of foreign languages”而非“funding”。
39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are
- A. supportive of free markets.
- B. conservative about public policy.
- C. biased against classical liberal ideas.
- D. cautious about intellectual investigation.
答案：C
答案句：Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas – such as free markets and self-reliance – as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.
参考译文：如今，教授们通常将进步主义的历史解释和进步主义的公共政策视为合适的研究对象，而将保守或古典自由主义思想——如自由市场和自力更生——描绘为超出常规、有时甚至是合法的学术研究范围之外。
定位线索：题干“Paragraph 5”定位第5段；文中“portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas... as falling outside the boundaries”对应选项C“biased against classical liberal ideas”；文中“conservative or classical liberal ideas”对应选项“classical liberal ideas”。
解析：题干问作者暗示教授们如何。答案句指出教授们将进步主义观点视为“proper subject of study”，而将保守或古典自由主义思想“portraying... as falling outside the boundaries”，表明教授们对古典自由主义思想有偏见，故C正确。A“supportive of free markets”与原文相反；B“conservative about public policy”偷换概念，原文说教授们支持进步主义政策；D“cautious about intellectual investigation”无中生有。
40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
- A. Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”
- B. Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”
- C. The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education
- D. Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education
答案：B
答案句：“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. … Unfortunately, despite 21/2 years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.
参考译文：美国艺术与科学学院（AAAS）刚刚发布的报告《问题的核心》值得称赞，因为它肯定了人文学科和社会科学对美国自由民主的繁荣与安全的重要性。然而，遗憾的是，该报告未能解决自由教育所面临危机的真正本质，这可能弊大于利。……不幸的是，尽管花了两年半的时间，《问题的核心》从未触及问题的核心：我们顶尖学院和大学中自由教育的非自由本质。
定位线索：题干“best title”为主旨题；文中“never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education”对应选项B“Illiberal Education and ‘The Heart of the Matter’”；文中“illiberal nature”与选项“Illiberal Education”直接对应。
解析：题干问最佳标题。答案句首段点明报告“failure to address the true nature of the crisis”，第4段进一步指出报告“never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education”，全文围绕“自由教育的非自由本质”与报告《问题的核心》展开，故B最佳。A“Ways to Grasp”无中生有，文中未提方法；C“The AAAS’s Contribution”只概括部分内容，忽略批评；D“Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education”范围过大，偏离主旨。